European History: From Franco-Prussian War to New Imperialism
this led to resistance and violence from peasants. Liberal solutions. “State intervention? Better no…” ➢ What were the reasons for the economic crisis in America in 1929?
What is “economy without barriers”? Why was there overproduction in the US in the 1920s? This economic crisis was known as the Great depression, this was because of several factors. After an intensive period of intensive selling, suddenly all the market loses its value, so everyone wants to sell, all the investors decide to leave the market which causes a bigger lose, panic spreads and many people lose their spendings, unemployment and a drop in consumer spending and investment, banks go bankrupt. Experts say this was because of the overproduction, as the government does not intervene in the liberal economy, so the rise of demand causes by WW1 stayed the same, but the demand decreased so people stopped buying. ➢ What were the impacts of the Wall Street Crash in Germany?
How did it help extreme political parties? America recalls all the loans, therefore there was much less money in the economy, foreign markets stop buying from Germany and there was a drop in consumer spending, government put tariffs and trade berries for the German export. People lose their jobs; they do not buy so demand drops. The government responded by increasing taxes and implemented wage cuts, this increased unemployment and public suffering, this benefited the extremist parties. DO YOU FEEL SECURE? INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AFFECT POLITICS AND ECONOMY The French-German conflict in Western Europe shaped the history in the late 19th and in the 20th century. ➢ When was the Franco-Prussian War?
Who fought? Who won? What territory was taken from France and given to Germany? In 1870 fought by The German confederation and France. Alsace and Lorraine were given to Germany. ➢ What alliances did the two countries form to protect themselves?
The Entete powers which were, France, Russia and Britain, Central powers Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgarians, and the ottoman empire. In the war
Italy joined the Entete. ➢ What was the Schlieffen Plan? Did it succeed?
Why? Why not? Strategy designed by the Germans to avoid a two-front war with France. The plan was to attack France through Belgium while Russia was mobilizing. It failed because Russia mobilized quicker than expected and Britain got involved because of the violation of Belgian neutrality. ➢ How did these two countries stabilize their relationship after WWII?
(Think and research the beginnings of the European Union. They stabilize their relation and economic cooperation which lead to the creation of the European union. Wars and peace. ➢ When was the First World War? Which were the fighting halves?
WW1 was in 1914, The Entete powers which were, France, Russia, later Italy,and the United States, defeated central powers Germany, Austro-Hungary, Bulgarians, and the ottoman empire. ➢ What was a trench?
Where shall I go today if I want to see the remnants of these trenches? They were used in WW1,and it is where soldiers were, they haveterrible conditions, but they were difficult to attack. You can see trenches nowadays in the western front in France and Belgium. ➢ Name three territories where there is a war going on now.
How´d you resolve these conflicts? Ukraine, Palestine, and Myanmar. The national conflicts in Eastern Europe also shaped history, as questions were never fully resolved.
➢ Where is the Balkans?
What is it? What countries today form the Balkans? The Balkans is a religion in the southeastern Europe, historically known for its ethnic and cultural diversity, as well as its complex history of political tensions and conflicts. The countries that today form the Balkans are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Romania, Croatia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, and turkey. ➢ What happened in the Balkans that launched WWI?
What was the July crisis? The event that launched WWI in the Balkans was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary). In 1914 Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were shot and killed in Sarajevo. The assassin was Gavrilo Princip (member of nationalist group) seeking the independence of south Slavic peoples from Austro-Hungarian rule. Of this the assassination set a chain reaction of events. What began as a regional conflict in the Balkans quickly escalated into a full-scale global war involving most of the major powers of the time. The July crisis refers to the series of diplomatic and military manoeuvres that took place among the major European powers in the summer of 1914, the events in the July crisis where: assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Germany declares war to Russia, Germany declares war to France, Britain declares war to Germany and Austro-Hungarian officially declares war to Russia. ➢ What does it mean “Slav”?
Where are the Slavs living nowadays? Which Slav country protected the ones in the Balkans before WWI? The Slavs are people who speaks Slavic languages, which belong to the Indo-European language family. The Slavs are divided into three different subgroups based on linguistic and cultural differences. (east Slavs, west Slavs, and south Slavs) The Slavs today they are living in east slaves: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus; west Slavs: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany; south Slavs: Serbia, Croatia, Bosniaand Herzegovina, Slovenia, Montenegro, north Macedonia, Bulgaria Before the WWI Russia was the primary protector of Slavic countries. European culture, the White culture, now is being questioned and destroyed because of our imperial greed in the past. ➢ What was “New Age Imperialism”? When did it happen? Which European countries were the major colonisers? Which non-European territories were the major targets of colonization? The new age imperialism refers to the period of colonial expansion by European powers (united states and Japan) it happened during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This era is distinguished from earlier forms of imperialism by its Rapid pace of expansion, the scale of territorial acquisition, and the intensity of competition among imperial powers. The WWI marked the decline of new imperialism. The major colonizers were Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The non-European territories where the major targets of colonization were Africa, Asia, pacific, the Americas. ➢ Why did the Europeans colonise?
Name five reasons. 1. Economic interests: Europeans were motivated by the pursuit of the new markets for the manufactured goods, sources of raw materials, so colonies provided access to valuable resources (minerals, oil…) which fuelled the industrial economies. 2. National prestige and rivalry were a way for European nations to demonstrate their power and prestige on the global stage.
The competition among European powers for territorial expansion was intense. 3. Strategic and military interests: control of key territories allowed European powers to establish naval bases and coaling stations. 4. Civilizing missions and religious motives: many Europeans believed in the notion of the civilizing mission it was their duty to bring western civilization, Christianity, and cultural values to less developed societies. 5. Scientific and exploration interests: the period of new imperialism was also marked by a keen interest in scientific exploration and the study of new lands. ➢ How did the colonisers justify what they did?
Colonizers justified their actions through civilizing missions, economic opportunities, racial superiority, doctrine of discovery and national glory. Social Darwinism is the idea that societal progress mirrors Darwinian evolution. It is often used to justify inequality and competition in society. ➢ What were the major impact of European colonization in Africa?
The major impacts of European colonization in Africa were political, economic, social, health-related and led to resistance and conflict. Pros were the introduction of a vigorous and technologically advanced culture. The cons were the decimation of the native population by epidemic disease, war, conquests,and slavery, with concurrent destruction of native culture