European Expansion, Urban History, Image & Propaganda, and Maritime History: A Comprehensive Overview
European Expansion
The history of European expansion in other continents finds a prime translating academic recognition of the history of geographical discoveries, usually associated with the history of cartography and nautical science. In terms of the economy, it printed a decisive impetus to the emergence of a truly global economy, which has its center in the European metropolis, that imposed a real division of labor which reserves to America the production of raw materials, to Asia the production of genres of great value, and to Africa the labor supply. Similarly, in the field of culture, the installation of Europeans in other lands can be greatly expanded geographical knowledge through exploration carried out by land and sea expeditions. While myriads of new data collected by anthropologists from the observation of societies that had been ignored. Hence, that opens a wide array of topics in need of investigation. The study’s findings are followed by monographs on the conquest and colonization of new worlds, about trade companies, the opening of new transoceanic routes on the import of exotic crops, the price revolution, etc. This universe studied from the viewpoint of Europe still does not pay attention to other issues, such as traditional economies of indigenous societies, the existing political organizations, cultural creations at the moment or are ignored or go to Europe as curiosities.
Urban History
The analysis of cities should take into account the definition of population, the structural definition, and finally, the integration of cities into larger and more complex systems. In this case, it is not just relations between countryside and city, but of the relations of hierarchy or dependence established between the various cities, which generally can be reduced to two types: the centralized system, which places at its vertex a national or regional capital management policies and business functions well defined, and the dispersed system which arises from international trade, connecting remote towns in a complex network where multiple hegemonies are established or temporary, in a succession constantly questioned. In any case, urban studies have grown dramatically in recent times, following a series of theoretical reflections. Studies have focused successively on the analysis of human agglomeration, spatial boundaries, organization and prioritization of interior space, the primary functions and complementary, the specificity of its legal statutes against other powers, the uniqueness of their social structure, and finally the integration into a system of cities.
The History of the Image and Propaganda
The culture of the ancien regime is expressed not only through writing but also through the imagen.Esta image can also be spread massively through etching and engraving, but also take the form of a singular creation, which can obey a general social need, as with the sizes profecionales.Sin But these creations is unique represdentadas especially for the great works of painting and sculpture, whose study now involves issues suchas mezcenargo Office of the appearance of collecting The iconographic program design, the characterization of the clientele and the art market and the use of art by political and religious powers for propaganda and indoctrination. Utilizing the possibilities ofion of visual material for certain historiographical objectives were highlighted by some pioneering works, such as Emilio Sereni analyzing the changes in the field through the paintings, which sought to recreate the images of the collective from beyond the altarpieces Pugartorio.Recientemente of souls, some historians have dealt ed other use of art, cultural creative use for propaganda and glorification of poder.Una fundamental work in this area Bob Screibner study on the role played engravings by the spread of the Reformation in Germany. Politically, the work that has served as a model to support this new trend has been dedicated by Peter Burke in the manufacture of Louis XV, a program that included the use of texts, images, settings, etc. in Final an extension of the history of culture, in the limit of the history of politics.
Maritime History
The history of traditional industries sometimes the study addresses a number of economic activities related to the sea, such as maritime commerce or industry naval.Sin But history of the maritime economy includes a number of other activities which it the overall framework, the same way that the relationship with the maritime space creates the appearance of specific phenomena in the field of social formations, institutional development or attitudes and colectivas.De mentalides Thus, on the one hand, the history of maritime economy has pasda to integrate maritime trade and its associated forms, shipbuilding both merchant ships as warships, fishing and other resource exploitation. And the other is also attached to the recent urban history, for your interest in the study of port cities and their physical infrastructure, Health, Adminitrative, prosecutors and defense, problems of such wealth that has come to constitute a quasi-autonomous specialty. However, from another point of view, the maritime history also claimed a social side, through the study of those involved: merchants, ship owners, fishermen, sailors, port offices etc. .. The social history of the sea includes the history labor and the history of both voluntary and forced emigration. Similarly, maritime history is a watershed that is part of the institutional history, because it deals with the study of quer agencies related to the field marítimo.Por addition, maritime activities are generating rights: legislation freight, insurance, registration of sea, marine jurisdiction, ratings of ships, commercial and employment contracts. Finally, maritime history is an issue that falls under the long cultural.Ceñida context of discovery and maritime expeditions.