Essential First Aid and Human Anatomy Reference

Posted on Sep 8, 2026 in Physical Education

Key Medical Vocabulary

  • Bump: Hit something, especially part of your body.
  • Fall over: Lose your balance and go down.
  • Examine: Look at carefully.
  • Sting: Feel a sharp pain.
  • Assess: Make a judgment of the quality or state of something.
  • Observation: The art of watching something or someone carefully for changes.
  • Procedure: A special way of doing something.
  • Slide over: Move over in an easy manner.

Patient Case Study: Robert

  • Name: Robert
  • Age: 45
  • Problems: Headache, injured left arm and left knee, bleeding right hand, sore right thumb.
  • ICE (In case of emergency): His wife.

Running Injuries and Prevention

  • Why do people run? To lose weight, get in shape, or exercise away from screens.
  • Common injury sites: Legs, knees, ankles, feet, and hips.
  • Ankle injuries: Caused by sudden bad movements, often on uneven roads or sand. Recovery takes a few weeks.
  • Knee pain: See a medical professional if pain persists for more than 10 days.
  • Foot pain: Often in the heels, caused by overuse, poor support, or hard surfaces.
  • Advice for beginners: Get proper instructions, start slowly, and buy quality running shoes.

Anatomy: Body Parts

Head: Cabeza | Chest: Pecho | Elbow: Codo | Arm: Brazo | Hip: Cadera | Ankle: Tobillo | Heel: Talón | Neck: Cuello | Shoulder: Hombro | Wrist: Muñeca | Fingers: Dedos de las manos | Thigh: Muslo | Knee: Rodilla | Foot: Pie

Using Imperatives in Medical Contexts

Imperatives give commands, advice, or instructions.

  • Positive: Base verb without “to” (e.g., “Hurry up!”, “Be careful”).
  • Negative: “Do not” + base verb (e.g., “Do not step on the grass”).

Emergency First Aid Procedures

  1. Check the scene for danger.
  2. If safe, check the person.
  3. Call out to the person.
  4. If no answer, call 911.
  5. Check if the person is breathing.
  6. Open the airway by moving the head and lifting the chin.
  7. If no normal breathing, give two quick breaths.
  8. Look to see if the chest is rising.
  9. If breaths go in, start chest compressions.
  10. Perform 30 compressions.
  11. Repeat until help arrives or the person breathes normally.

First Aid Actions

  • (I) Raise the person’s legs higher than their chest.
  • (C) Cover the person with a blanket or dry warm item.
  • (F) Lay the leg carefully and wrap the bandage.
  • (E) Hold the head and wrap the bandage.
  • (A) Push down on the chest.
  • (D) Blow into the patient’s mouth.
  • (H) Put two hands together and press just below the throat.
  • (G) Carry the person away from danger.
  • (B) Lift the arm and wrap the bandage around.

Bone Health and Nutrition

  • Obtain: Get.
  • Fortified: Made stronger.
  • Optimal: Perfect.
  • Absorb: Take in.
  • Nutrition: Necessary food for growth.
  • Dietary: In relation to food/drink.
  • Vital: Important.

Bone Facts

  • Skeleton: 206 bones in an adult.
  • Function: Protect organs, support the body, store calcium, produce blood cells.
  • Types: Long bones (arms/legs); Sesamoid bones (hands, feet, knees).
  • Nutrients: Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and magnesium.
  • Calcium sources: Milk, oranges, soy, white beans, spinach, kale, broccoli.
  • Vitamin D: Helps absorb calcium. Sources: Sun, fatty fish, eggs, fortified foods.

Anatomical Terms

Skull: Cráneo | Spine: Columna vertebral | Ribs: Costillas | Shoulder: Hombro | Arm: Brazo | Elbow: Codo | Wrist: Muñeca | Hand: Mano | Pelvis: Pelvis | Leg: Pierna | Knee: Rodilla | Ankle: Tobillo | Foot: Pie | Feet: Pies