Essential English Grammar Rules and Business Terms

Posted on Jun 14, 2026 in English

Reported Speech and Direct Quotes

• “I will finish my homework later,” she said. She said that she would finish her homework later.
• He said, “I am feeling better now.” He said that he was feeling better then.
• He said, “I can’t swim.” Reported speech: He said that he couldn’t swim.
• He told me: “I have found a new job.” Reported speech: He told me that he had found a new job.
• She said, “I am going to the store.” Reported speech: She said that she was going to the store.
• She said: “I went to Paris.” She said that she had gone to Paris.
• They said: “We are going to the beach.” They said that they were going to the beach.
• They said: “We can come to the party.” Reported speech: They said they could come to the party.
• Reported speech of: “Steve said ‘I’m living in London’.” Steve said that he was living in London.
• Reported speech: She said: “I am going to visit my parents tomorrow morning.” She said that she was going to visit her parents the next day morning.

Verb Tenses and Future Expressions

• Alice was studying while her parents were watching TV.
• By 2025, they will have built their new house; it will have finished.
• By the time I arrived, they had started the meeting.
• By the time I found my wallet, someone had taken it.
• By this time next week, she will have completed her final exams.
• He has just finished his dinner.
• He is going to start a new job next month.
• He wasn’t listening when the teacher asked him.
• He will have read the book by the time you return.
• How long has she been learning English?
• How long have you been living here?
• I have seen that movie three times.
• I think you will do it well.
• I was reading a book when the phone rang.
• I was sleeping when Julie called. She said that she was sleeping when Julie called.
• I will be driving to work at 9 a.m. tomorrow morning.
• I’m sure she will win the competition.
• It rains a lot in the winter.
• Last night, Peter came back home at 5 a.m.
• Luke is explaining Maths to his brother.
• My brother doesn’t live in New York.
• My son has been playing all morning in the garden. He is so dirty!
• She bought a new car last week.
• She is going to study abroad next year.
• She studies Mathematics in Madrid.
• They are going to visit their grandparents this weekend.
• They are working late today, aren’t they?
• They have finished their homework.
• They went to the cinema yesterday.
• They will be watching the football match at this time next week.
• This time tomorrow, I will be relaxing on the beach.
• Tomorrow, I will spend all day on the beach.
• We are going to have a party for his birthday.
• We are having dinner at 8 p.m. tonight.
• We are starting a new project this week.
• We saw his car in the parking lot.
• We usually play tennis.
• We walked through the park after lunch.
• We’ve met before, haven’t we?
• You’re coming to the party, aren’t you?

Conditional Sentences and Hypotheses

• If he had money, he would travel around the world.
• If I had a car, I would drive to work every day.
• If I had a million dollars, I would buy a house.
• If I liked the fish, I would have ordered the cod.
• If I spoke to him directly, I would be better.
• If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
• If I went to the party, I would be tired tomorrow.
• If I were you, I would take that job.
• If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
• If Mary had studied, she would have passed the exam.
• If she finishes her work early, she will join us for dinner.
• If she had invited me to the party, I would have gone.
• If they had known the truth, they would have done this difference.
• If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.
• If you heat water at 100ºC, it boils.
• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
• If you stay under the sun too long, you get sunburned.

Passive Voice and Sentence Structure

• Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.
• Passive voice: My father hired my best friend last year. My best friend was hired by my father last year.
• The cake was baked by my mother yesterday.
• The homework is being done by the students right now.
• The letters are typed by the secretary every morning.
• The project will be completed by the team next week.
• The teacher has been given thousands of beautiful gifts recently.
• Which is the passive voice of: “The chef cooks food every day”? Food is cooked every day by the chef.

Relative Clauses, Modals, and Questions

• Does she work in the same company?
• Elephants are heavier than crocodiles.
• He may go to the party if he feels well.
• She could play the piano when she was younger.
• That was the worst day of my life!
• The book is on the shelf next to the window.
• The book, which I borrowed from the library, was fascinating.
• The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.
• The musician who wrote that song is performing tonight.
• The students who study hard will pass the exam.
• This is my house.
• This is the restaurant where we had dinner last night.
• What is the past simple of “leave”? Left.
• What is the superlative form of “far”? Farthest.
• When does the plane leave from the airport at 8 o’clock?
• Where does Jane live?
• You must finish your homework before you go out.
• You mustn’t smoke here. It is forbidden.
• You should finish your homework before you go out.

Business Vocabulary and Definitions

• Insurance: An agreement in which you pay a company money, and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc.
• Bonus: An extra amount of money that you are given, especially because you have worked hard.
• Schedule: A plan of events or activities and the times that they will happen or be done.
• Trading company: A business that buys and sells goods.
• Trading company: A business that buys and sells goods.
• Partnership: A company which is owned by two or more people.
• Corporation: A large company or group of companies.
• Recession: A time when the economy of a country is not successful.
• Market research: The activity of finding out what people like about products and what things they want to buy.
• Fulfilling: Something that satisfies you and makes you happy.