English Language Mastery: Grammar, Vocabulary & Phrasal Verbs
English Language Essentials: Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
Mastering Phrasal Verbs: Completion Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verbs:
- Turn up the music.
- Her parents brought her up well.
- I need to take out the trash.
- I’ll back you up if you need support.
- Don’t go on about it; it’s not important.
- Do put off that task until tomorrow.
Essential Vocabulary for Everyday Situations
Complete the sentences with the appropriate vocabulary:
- I checked the price tag.
- What amount do you need?
- They found the situation distressing.
- I am very grateful for your help.
- He owns a lot of property.
- She could only nod in agreement.
Understanding Reported Speech: Practical Examples
Here are examples of direct speech transformed into reported speech:
- The police warned us not to approach the suspect.
- The secretary ordered me to lock the door.
- She admitted that he had put the jeans in his bag.
- Residents complained that there had been too many burglaries in their neighborhood.
- The detective wondered where I had been the night before.
- I asked Tom not to say anything to Mum.
Using Relative Clauses Effectively
Relative clauses add detail to your sentences. Here are some examples:
- IKEA is a successful furniture shop where I buy my furniture.
- Starting a new job at a company which employs many people.
- The customer whose bag was stolen from the restaurant was really upset.
- I assure you, I’m a reliable person on whom you can depend.
- I don’t like to think about that day when I was fired.
- The person who won the race had been training for months.
Key Phrases in Reported Speech
Common verbs and structures used in reported speech:
- She claimed that she couldn’t do it unless someone helped her.
- He wondered how much it would cost.
- They warned us about the danger.
- She told me that she was busy.
Common English Phrases and Expressions
Expand your vocabulary with these useful phrases:
- Hold her back: Prevent someone from doing something.
- Raise: To bring up a child.
- Beyond her reach: Something she cannot achieve or access.
- Gift: A present.
- Devoted: Very loyal and loving.
- Up to date: Current, modern.
- Give away: Revealed a secret or gave the bride to the groom.
- Find out: Discovered information.
- The proof: Evidence.
Comprehensive English-Spanish Vocabulary List
Enhance your understanding with this extensive vocabulary list:
- Appointment
- Cita
- Break into
- Entrar a robar
- Barely
- Apenas
- Con artist
- Estafador
- Force
- Forzar
- Fake
- Falsificación
- Fine
- Multa
- Gaze
- Mirar fijamente
- Get away with
- Quedar impune de
- Grab
- Coger
- Guilty
- Culpable
- Get caught
- Ser pillado
- Hand
- Entregar
- Lean
- Apoyarse
- Let off
- Perdonar
- Lose track of
- Perder la pista
- Mugger
- Atracador
- Pickpocket
- Carterista
- Proof
- Prueba
- Scar
- Cicatriz
- Shape
- Forma
- Shoplifter
- Ladrón de tiendas
- Raise
- Criar
- Reassure
- Asegurar
- Release
- Soltar / Liberar
- Run off with
- Llevarse
- Safeguard
- Proteger
- Steady
- Firme
- Trial
- Juicio
- Turn up
- Aparecer
- Valuables
- Objetos de valor
- Unfold
- Desdoblar
Common Phrasal Verbs and Their Meanings
Understand the nuances of these frequently used phrasal verbs:
- Break into
- Entrar a robar en
- Run off with
- Llevarse
- Turn up
- Aparecer
- Bring up
- Criar o mencionar
- Go on
- Continuar o ocurrir
- Turn in
- Entregar o acostarse
- Give away
- Delatar o regalar
- Put down
- Apuntar
- Back up
- Confirmar o respaldar
- Take out
- Ir a una cita o sacar
Financial and General Vocabulary
Expand your lexicon with these terms related to finance and daily life:
- Amount
- Cantidad
- Afford
- Permitirse
- At no extra cost
- Sin ningún coste extra
- Affluent
- Rico
- Bargain
- Ganga
- Borrow
- Pedir prestado
- Broke
- Arruinado
- Beyond reach
- Fuera del alcance
- Cash
- Efectivo
- Change
- Dinero suelto
- Charge
- Cobrar
- Cost of living
- Coste de la vida
- Discount
- Descuento
- Distressing
- Preocupante
- Inherit
- Heredar
- In appreciation of
- En muestra de agradecimiento por
- In turn
- A su vez
- Lack of
- Falta de
- Lend
- Dejar
- Low cost
- Bajo coste
- Grateful
- Agradecido
- Make a comeback
- Volver a la moda
- Nod
- Asentir con la cabeza
- Needy
- Necesitado
- Owe
- Deber dinero
- On sale
- Rebajado
- Poverty
- Pobreza
- Property
- Propiedad
- Point
- Señalar
- Price tag
- Etiqueta de precio
- Receipt
- Recibo
- Refund
- Devolución
- Relieve
- Aliviar
- Repay
- Devolver
- Take pleasure in
- Complacerse con
- The full price
- El precio íntegro
- To date
- Hasta la fecha
- Two for the price of one
- Dos por uno
Common Prepositional Phrases
Learn these essential prepositional phrases:
- Tired of
- Protection from
- Opposed to
- Intention of
- Effect on
- Grateful for
- Confidence in
- Sympathy for
- Reaction to
- Familiar with
- Jealous of
- Late for
- Mad about
- Report on
- Fond of
Tense and Adverb Changes in Reported Speech
When converting direct speech to reported speech, tenses and adverbs often change:
- Present Simple (e.g., cooperates) → Past Simple (e.g., cooperated)
- Present Continuous (e.g., is cooperating) → Past Continuous (e.g., was cooperating)
- Past Simple (e.g., cooperated) → Past Perfect Simple (e.g., had cooperated)
- Past Continuous (e.g., was cooperating) → Past Perfect Continuous (e.g., had been cooperating)
- Present Perfect Simple → Past Perfect Simple
- Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous (no change)
- Will → Would
- Can → Could
Common adverb and pronoun changes:
- Now → Then
- Today → That day
- Tonight → That night
- Yesterday → The previous day
- Here → There
- This → That
- These → Those