English Grammar Tenses, Nutrition, and First Aid Essentials
English Grammar Tenses
Present Simple: For permanent actions, present actions, and repeated actions. Subject + verb + complement (affirmative). Subject + do/does not + verb + complement (negative). Do/Does + subject + verb + complement (interrogative).
Past Simple: To express something that finished and was completed. For regular verbs (can add -ed or -d), add -ed or -d to the infinitive. Use ‘Did’ for questions.
Past Perfect: had + past participle (3rd column). Subject + had + past participle (e.g., she had finished the test). Subject + hadn’t + past participle (e.g., she hadn’t finished the test). Had + subject + past participle (e.g., Had she finished the test?).
Present Perfect Continuous: Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing.
Present Perfect: For a period of time that has finished. Subject + have/has + past participle (e.g., he has taken this test several times). Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle (e.g., they haven’t visited London before). Have/has + subject + past participle (e.g., Have they eaten lunch?).
Future Continuous: Will + be + verb-ing (e.g., In 2034, David will be living in Mallorca).
Future Perfect: Will + have + past participle. Will + have + been + past participle (e.g., By 2034, David will have finished university).
Modals:
- Must: Obligation
- Might: Possibility
- Could: Possibility
- Couldn’t: Only in passive/possibility
Nutrition Basics
The Food Pyramid
At the top is junk food and alcohol. At the bottom are proteins: milk, fish, meat. In the third level are the vegetables, and finally are the cereals.
Healthy Protein Sources
Red meat, chicken, and fish.
Balanced Plate Composition
The majority should be vegetables, followed by healthy proteins, then whole grains, and the least amount should be fruits, accompanied by water and healthy oil.
Nutriscore
The green color is for healthier foods, and the red is the least healthy. Each product shows the corresponding color depending on its content of sugars, saturated fats, salt, calories, fiber, and proteins.
Keto Diet
A diet that favors fats and proteins. Carbohydrates are reduced, avoiding cereals. The main goal is to reduce inflammation, teaching the body to use fat for energy. The glucose index is lower, using foods that keep the glucose index stable. Avoid fruits, potatoes, alcohol, rice, bread, and sugar.
Low Carb Diet Sources
Meats, fish, dairy products, animal fats, vegetables, fats of vegetable origin, fermented foods, and snacks.
First Aid Procedures
Steps for an Unconscious Person
Check for: Consciousness/Reaction – Breathing – Heart Rate
Position for Dizziness
Trendelenburg Position: Legs raised higher than the heart.
Position for an Unconscious but Breathing Person
Lateral Safety Position (recovery position).
P-O-L-I-C-E
P: Protect. O-L: Optimal Loading. I: Ice. C: Compression. E: Elevation.
Why the Forehead Position?
Move your forehead down and chin up. It is important to allow the person to breathe better in case of obstruction.