English Grammar Guide: Verb Tenses, Reported Speech, and More
Be was been ser star// beat beat beaten golpear// become became become llegar a ser// begin began begun empezar// bite bit bitten morder// break broke broken romper// bring brought brought traer// build built built construir// burn burnt burnt quemar// buy bought bought comprar// catch caught caught coger// choose chose chosen elegir// come came come venir// cost costar// cut cortar// do did done hacer// draw drew drawn dibujar// drink drank drunk beber// drive drove driven conducir// eat ate eaten comer// fall fell fallen caer// feel felt felt sentir// fight fought fought luchar// find found found encontrar// fly flew flown volar// forbid forbade forbidden prohibir// forget forgot forgotten olvidar// freeze froze frozen helar// get got got obtener// give gave given dar// go went gone ir// grow grew grown crecer// have had had haber tener// hear heard heard oír// hide hid hidden esconder// hit golpear// hurt herir// keep kept kept guardar// know knew known conocer// learn learnt learnt aprender// leave left left dejar// lend lent lent prestar// let permitir// light lit lit encender// lose lost lost perder// make made made hacer// mean meant meant significar// meet met met conocer// pay paid paid pagar// put poner// read leer// ride rode ridden montar// ring rang rung sonar// run ran run correr// say said said decir// see saw seen ver// sell sold sold vender// send sent sent enviar// set poner// shine shone shone brillar// shoot shot shot disparar// show showed shown mostrar// shut cerrar// sing sang sung cantar// sit sat sat sentarse// sleep slept slept dormir// smell smelt smelt oler// speak spoke spoken hablar// spend spent spent gastar// stand stood stood estar de pie// steal stole stolen robar// swim swam swum nadar// take took taken tomar// teach taught taught enseñar// tear tore torn rasgar// tell told told decir// think thought thought pensar// throw threw thrown lanzar// wake woke woken despertar// wear wore worn llevar// win won won ganar// write wrote written INFINITIVE. want/ decide/ wish/ agree/ seem/ help/ promise/ choose/ hope/ refuse/ consider/ learn/ appear/ expect/ afford/ appear/ arrange// ask/ attempt/ beg/ dare/ decide/ demand/ deserve/ fail/ hesitate/ intend/ manage/ mean/ need/ offer/ prepare/ pretend/ threaten/ wait/ warn/ tell/ advise/ teach/ warn/ persuade GERUNDIO like/ love/ enjoy/ prefer/ dislike/ hate/ detest/ deny/ miss/ suggest// consider// can´t stand// can´t help// can´t stop// DESPUES D: of/ from/ in REPORTED SPEECH. Here- these// now- then// this- that// these-those// today- that day// tonight-that night// next..- following// yesterday- the day before// tomorrow- the day after……………studie- studied// is studying- was studying// have studying- had studied// has been studying- had been studying// studied- had studied// was studying- had been studying// had studied no cambia// had been studying no cambia// will study- would study// will be studying- would be studying// can study- could study// may study- might study// must o have to study- had to study …………STATEMENT. S+ said that + told+ obj+ that + 2º sujet +vcambiad + comp. QUESTION. A) yes/no question. Comienzan xauxiliar. S+ asked + if + 2º sujet+ vcambiad+ comp B) Wh question. S + asked+wh word+ 2sujet+ vcambiad + comp. COMMANDS. ORDENS. Aparecen sin sujet.. s+ told/ordered +obj dirc + to inf/ not to inf + comp REQUEST PEDIR. Comienzan xcan o could y tiene please, s+ asked+ obj direct + to inf/ not to inf + comp ADVISE. CONSEJS. Comienzan xcondicional tip2. If I were you. Con should o s+ had better + bare inf. S+ advise + ind obj+ to inf/not to inf+ comp SUGGESTION SUGERENCIAS. A)si elq abla form part dla sugerencia. S+suggested +ving B) si elq abla no form part dla sugerencia. S+ suggested +that+ 2ºsujet+ should+ bare inf+ compCONDITIONAL. CERO: siempre ocurre. IF S V.PRESENT- S++PRESNT. Si caliento mantequill se derrite. PRIMERA.posible . a) if +s+ vpresent- s+will +infinit. si estudio aprobare. SEGUNDA: hipotetica. IF +S+PAST TENSE+ S+WOULD/MIGHT/ SHOULD+ BARE INFINI. Si yo estudiara yo aprobaria. TERCERA.imposibl. if++s+vpast perfect+ s+would have+ part. Si hubiera estudiado habria aprobado. CUARTA. Ocurre en el presente. If+s+ past perfect—s+would+ infinitiv.. si hubiese estudiado seria ingeniero…….CAN . permis habilidd ofrecimient… negand deduction logic//COULD habilidd permis posibi may permis frmal posibilidd ofrecimient MIGHT POSIB. MUST obligación deducion lógica…negand prohibición HAD TO oblig. HAVE TO oblig. SHOULD/ OUGHT TO/ HAD BETTER. Consejo SHALL CAN MAY. Ofrecimient……MUST +HAVE +PART certez. CAN´T +HAVE +PART mposible. MIGHT/CAN/ COULD +HAVE+PART posibilidd..PASIVA.Sells- are sold// is sellying- is being sellying// sold- were sold// was sellying- were being sold// has sold –has being sold// had sold- had being sold// will sell- will be sold// would sell- would be sold// is going to sell- is going tobe sold// must sell- mist be sold// has to sell- has tobe sold// may might can could sell- may might can could be sold// could have sold- could have been sold.TIEMPS VERBALS. PRESN SIMP s+ v´s/ dnt doesn’t+ v… accions abituals/ fctores/ verdads universls/ horarios… every day once a week at night all the afternoon. PRES CONTs am is are +ving . now this week at the moment just now today toigth at 6oclock tomorrow// plan cerc dl future y accions qocurrn aora PAST SIMPL. Ysterdar the other day, the dday befor.. PAST CONT. was were ving. Accions qocurriern y noterminarn enel pasad, PRES PERF s have has 3col. Accions mpiexn y acabn enel future. Experiencias. PRT PERF CNTI s have has been ving. Duracion dla accion. PAST PERFC s had vpart. FUTUR. PRESN CNTIN. S am is are ving.Accions planeads cercans o futures// horarios. BE GOING TO. S is are going to ving. Accions futuros. Accions cn evidencia. Xpresar ntencion. WILL +INF. Predictions. Decisions nstantaneas. Promess. FUT CONT. s will be ving. Accions cn progress enel fuur. FUT PERF. S will have `vpart. Accions qstan cmplets enun future. ………….ESSAY as I see it como yo lo veo>//in my opinion//it seems to me that me parece que//it is a clear yhat se trata de un claro que//I think obviously clearly//as far as I am concerned en lo que ami se refiere NARRATIVE: as soon as tan pronto como//by the time por el mmnt// until hasta//durante during DISCUSSION ESSAY. On the one hand on the other hand in contrast((moreover x otra parte//furthermore ademas/finally in the first place in concusion
st place in concusion