English Grammar: Comparisons, Pronouns, and More

Posted on Mar 2, 2025 in English and Spanish Studies

UNIT 5: Comparatives and Superlatives

COMPARATIVE (2 things)

SUPERLATIVE (All others in the same group)

One syllable

Short adjectives

cute –> cuter than

nice –> nicer than

clean –> the cleanest

cute –> the cutest

Ending with 1 Vowel + 1 Consonant

Friendly –> friendlier than

Scary –> scarier than

Friendly –> the friendliest

Scary –> the scariest

2 or more syllables

Expensive –> more/less expensive than

Intelligent –> more/less intelligent than

Expensive –> the most expensive

Intelligent –> the most intelligent

Irregular verbs

Good –> better than

Bad –> worse than

Far –> further/farther than

Good –> the best

Bad –> the worst

Far –> the furthest/farthest

Examples:

  • Hamsters are smaller than rabbits.
  • I think cats are more interesting than fish.

Questions:

  • Which are more playful, rabbits or turtles?
  • Rabbits are more playful than turtles, but turtles are friendlier than rabbits.
  • Are dogs cuter than cats?

Both … and …

  • Pablo is a tall boy. Eduardo is a tall boy.
  • Both Pablo and Eduardo are tall boys.
  • Mike is kind. Sara is also kind.
  • Both Mike and Sara are kind.

… both … and …

  • John is tall. John is handsome.
  • John is both tall and handsome.
  • My mother is kind. My mother is polite.
  • My mother is both kind and polite.

Unit 6: Pronouns and Questions

OBJECT PRONOUNS: Replaces the noun

WH- QUESTIONS (WHO/WHAT)

He

She

It

I

You

We

They

him

her

it

me

you

us

them

What

Who

Which

Where

When

What?

Who/Whom?

Which?

Where?

When?

  • Lisa, go with your dad and brother to the mall.
  • Lisa, go with them.
  • Listen to your mom.
  • Listen to her.
  • What kind of food do you like the best? (SUPERLATIVE)
  • I like Korean food (the) best.
  • What kind of music do you like best? (COMPARATIVE)
  • I like pop music (the) best.
  • Which does Carl like better, rock or pop? (COMPARATIVE)
  • He likes rock music better.
  • Who do you like better, Bruno Mars or Ed Sheeran?
  • I like Ed Sheeran better.

*We use simple present when we express what we feel or what we think about something.*

  • My father really loves jazz music.
  • Mr. Rabbit hates to be late.
  • They like barbecues.

UNIT 7: There is/are + A/AN, SOME, ANY

SINGULAR

PLURAL

COUNTABLE

UNCOUNTABLE

AFFIRMATIVE

A/AN

SOME

NEGATIVE

ANY

QUESTIONS

A/AN:

Need

  • We need a bottle of milk.
  • There is an apple.
  • I need some new shoes.
  • She wants some grapes.
  • What do we need?
  • We need some ice cream.
  • We don’t need any spoons.
  • We need something to eat.

AFFIRMATIVES

NEGATIVES

  • We need some milk.
  • There are some apples.
  • There isn’t any sugar.
  • She doesn’t want any grapes.
  • I don’t like any sugar, please.
  • I don’t want any sugar, thanks.

QUESTIONS

ANSWERS

  • Did you have an accident?
  • Do you have any questions?
  • Does he need any help?
  • Are there any apples?

Yes, there are/No, there aren’t

Is there any fruit?

Yes, there is/No, there isn’t

UNIT 8: Health and Recommendations

I

You

We

They

have

a headache.

a sore throat.

a fever.

He

She

has

I

You

We

They

He

She

should stay home.

shouldn’t go to school.

Examples

INFINITIVE – SIMPLE PAST

  1. Mary is sick. She has a sore throat.
  2. What should she do?
  3. Mary should go to the doctor.
  4. I have a headache. What should I do?
  5. Why don’t you take some medicine?
  6. Victor has a toothache. Should he eat ice cream?
  7. No, he shouldn’t.
  8. Lisa has an earache. Should she stay home and rest?
  9. Yes, she should. She shouldn’t go to work.
  10. I think you should buy those shoes.
  11. Should we go now or later?
  12. Gerald should do more exercise.

Injure – injured

Ache – ached

Hurt – hurt

Fall – fell

Get – got

Cut – cut

Break – broke

Have – had

Sore

Still

Resting

I hurt myself