Effective Educational Methodologies and Teaching Techniques
Case Study Features and Analysis
History and Contextual Factors
- Analyze key factors to produce a historical narrative for each.
- Ensure narrative coherence.
- Check the relationship between factors and the historical context.
Formulating Effective Questions
- Ensure coherence between questions, factors, and learning objectives.
- Begin with an introductory question.
- Promote analysis of historical factors.
- Encourage the relation between various factors to seek solutions.
Other Considerations for Case Studies
- Use proper vocabulary.
- Align the case history with the group’s reality.
- Allocate sufficient time for reading, thinking about questions, discussion, and responding to questions.
Effective Work Management in Educational Settings
Work procedures are agreed upon and presented, covering:
- Time allocation: Agreed upon duration for tasks.
- Tools: Identification of necessary tools.
- Educator’s Role: Defined responsibilities of the facilitator.
- Working Procedures: Clear steps for engagement.
Implementing Work Procedures
- Individual or group reading of the case.
- Dedicated time for thinking about the questions.
- Group Discussion: Encourage deep analysis by:
- Facilitating the expression of each person’s thoughts.
- Focusing the discussion on the core issue.
- Coordinating the discussion flow.
- Suggesting ways to facilitate participation from all members.
- Promoting deeper analysis.
- Group Memory and Synthesis:
- Synthesize and return the discussion points to the group for expression and further discussion.
- Write a summary on the blackboard.
- Find alternative solutions if within the group’s and case’s objectives.
Managing Classroom Climate: Defensive vs. Tolerant
Pay attention to attitudes of certainty versus those that are problem-oriented.
Educator’s Role in Climate Management
- Encourage discussion, acting as a facilitator, not an expert.
- Focus on the discussion of ideas, not personal experiences.
- Discuss the “why” behind concepts.
- Establish clear agreements.
- The educator organizes ideas to initiate discussion before knowing what each participant thinks.
- If an item of interest doesn’t emerge, it can be introduced through a question.
- Connect the case history to the group, addressing any dissonant elements.
Exhibition Techniques in Education
Various methods for presenting information and facilitating learning:
- Lecture (Lliçó)
- Participatory Lecture
- Panel of Experts
- Text Analysis
- Lecture with Discussion
- Theoretical Synthesis
- Round Table
- Video Viewing
Objectives of Exhibition Techniques
To transmit, contrast, and reorganize knowledge, models, theories, or studies.
Scope of Exhibition Techniques
They engage with prior knowledge and principles within the cognitive area of the person, as well as emotions and skills.
The Lecture (Lliçó) Method
The lecture is one of the most commonly used methods in training and education. It involves the transfer of content from teacher to student. Up to 60% of learning can be achieved from a lecture, which depends heavily on its preparation.
Advantages of Lectures
- Transmit a high number of concepts, content, information, and knowledge quickly.
- Homogenize the theoretical knowledge among all participants.
- Provide a foundational understanding for interpreting tools or behaviors.
- Constructing this knowledge through an inductive methodology would be difficult and time-consuming.
Disadvantages of Lectures
- Too much information can lead to information overload, mental block, and rejection of the content presented.
Preparing an Effective Lecture
Planning the Teaching and Learning Process
- Time: Not to exceed 60 minutes.
- Synchronization: Synchronize speaking time with listening time.
- Vocabulary: Reduce difficult vocabulary terms to aid listening comprehension.
- Examples: Frequent use of examples close to reality.
- Emphasis: Emphasize and insist on key points.
- Visual Aids: Use permanent diagrams and a global index.
- Handouts: Provide summarized lecture sheets.
- Learner Involvement: Encourage involvement through purposeful interruptions, questions, further discussion, and work in small groups.
Planning Logical Content Flow
- Structure: Route from less to more complexity.
- Beginning: Start with clear definitions.
- Knowledge Exchange: Explain potential sources for knowledge exchange.
- Critical Thinking: Foster the capacity to critically evaluate changes.
- Learning Impact: Promote significant learning.
- Tools & Sources: Describe analytical instruments and sources.
- Questions: Include questions regarding the content or parts of the lecture.
- Certainty vs. Inquiry: Maintain a level of certainty, but also encourage critical thinking without creating undue insecurity.
- Personal Topics: Do not address personal topics.
- Problem Solving: Lectures are not primarily for seeking solutions.
- Time Allocation: 20 minutes of exposure (not exceeding 30 minutes), followed by 20 minutes of discussion.