Ecology and Environmental Science: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on Aug 24, 2024 in Geology

Biomes

1. The biome with the greatest species diversity is Rain Forest

2. In North America, in what direction would you usually Have to travel to go from a coniferous forest to a deciduous forest?South/East

3.Grasslands occur between deserts and Forests

4.Seventy-five Percent of the Earth’s surface is contained in Forests

5.Which Biome receives the least amount of rainfall?Desert, Tundra

6.Which Part of the rainforest environment do most of the organisms live?Canopy

7.The Dust Bowl was the result of overfarming, drought, Overgrazing

8.Most Of the nutrients in the rain forest ecosystem exist in organisms. Explain why clear-cut Areas here may never regenerate.Poor soil

9.Prairies And steppes grow rich crops of grain because fertile Soil

10.The vast Species diversity in rain forests indicates that these forests niches

11.One of the Most important factors determining the types of organisms in an aquatic biome Is Salinity, depth and dissolved oxygen

12.What is one Characteristic that both deserts and grasslands have in common?Little rainfall

13.How does Fire benefits grasslands?Fertilizer, helps seeds germinate, gets rids of dead grass

14.The seeds Of many grassland plants are distributed by wind

Plants

  1. What Is a succulent?Give examples has thick, water filled tissue EX- Cacti, Aloe, Jade
  2. Horizontal Stems connecting one plant to anotherbelow the ground are called runners
  3. Cactus Spines are really modified_leaves

Water

  1. What Is the most important requirement for all living things? Water
  2. How do People use rivers?Transportation, energy, food, irrigation
  3. Where Did the water originate that form natural springs?Aquifers
  4. A pump Does not need to be used to raise groundwater to the surface in areas

Where artesian wells are located Because the water in artesian wells is under pressure

  1. Name Ways to characterize aquatic biomes:
    Salinity, Depth, Dissolved Oxygen

Energy

  1. What Do tertiary consumers eat? Secondary and primary Consumers
  2. Energy Moves through the ecosystem in the form of _bio_mass.
  3. From Where do autotrophs get the energy that produces their food?Sun

Relationships

  1. What Effect does a keystone predator have on its habitat?Increases species Diversity
  2. Legumes(such As potatoes) enrich soil by adding nitrogen to it through their root nodules
  3. Describe(overall) Interactions in the environment.Complex
  4. Lichens Are important to an ecosystem because they help form soil which provides a substrate for seeds to Germinate.
  5. An Organism that feeds on the body fluids or tissues of another organism but Does not kill it is called

Parasite

  1. An Increase in herbivore populations in an ecosystem will soon lead to an Increase in carnivores
  2. Describe A stable ecosystem.It includesmany different Organisms
  3. Competition Occurs between species when they try to share the sameniche
  4. Condors Are related to vultures and feed on carion, or dead animals.

Condors’ role in the food web is As:scavenger

  1. Killing The vegetation in an ecosystem would destroy the entire ecosystem because all life depends on producers.

Adaptations

  1. Many Desert mammals have long ears filled with capillaries.How does this adaptation help desert Animals?Cools The body
  2. A Giraffe’s long neck is an adaptation to what ecological factor in the Savanna?Vertical Feeding Pattern
  3. Air Trapped in a caribou’s coat function asinsulation

Atmosphere

  1. In Which part of the atmosphere do you live?Troposphere
  2. A gas That contributes to the greenhouse effect is carbon Dioxide
  3. Ultraviolet Radiation is blocked from reaching Earth’s surface by what substance found In the atmosphere?
    Ozone
  4. Temperatures In the thermosphere can reach 2000 degrees C
  5. Nitrogen Makes up what percent of air composition on earth?78%

Abiotic Factors

  1. The Tropical zones have stable year-round temperatures because of their abundant rainfall

2.As Layers of sediment are compressed, they form what type of rock?Sedimentary

  1. List abiotic factors that affect organisms.Wind, temperature, sun, water, light, climate, soil
  2. What Part of the Earth are volcanoes located? Lithosphere
  3. Two Primary processes are involved in the carbon cycle:photosynthesis andcellular Respiration
  4. Erosion Is caused byflowing water, rain, wind
  5. The Lithosphere is made up of several movable plates calledtectonic
  6. Which Planet orbiting the sun is the closest?Mercury
  7. Fossils Are usually found in what type of rock?Sedimentary Rock

Scientific Investigation

  1. When New information conflicts with a hypothesis, the hypothesisrecord, reject It, retest
  2. A Scientific explanation for a natural occurrence is ahypothesis
  3. In a Controlled experimentthe scientist knows the outcome.
  4. Science Does not attempt to answer questions that deal with ourethics, morals, Values
  5. A Hypothesis must be rejected when it is not supported by data
  6. “Ozone Depletion is caused by CFCs” is an example of a scientifichypothesis

Basic Terms

1.Raccoons will eat almost Anything.They are most accurately Called?Omnivores

2.Dormancy in animals is called hibernation

An ecosystem with low biodiversity Contains feworganisms

4. What is a heterotroph?Cannot make its food

5.Panda bears can only eat certain kinds of bamboo.Panda bears are, therefore, considered to be

Specialized Species

6.The cheetahs in Kenya and the cheetahs in Tanzania make up separate species

Space, a requirement of organisms, Is sometimes claimed by specific animals in an area called a Territory

Environmental science is the study Of relationships

Over time, changing environments Affect the process of evolution

Populations

1.In a balanced ecosystem, the carrying Capacity for a given species should be stable

2.When scientists say that the balance in the ecosystem Is dynamic they mean that

  1. In Which place would you probably find the most organisms?Swamp or mountain top
  2. Succession- The process of populations replacing other Populations over time.

5.Primary Succession-Occurring On bare surfaces/ex:rock(after volcanic Eruption), sand

  1. Climax community-most mature ecosystem including hardwood trees.
  2. In The Antarctic, as baleen whale numbers increase you would expect seals to increase
  3. Two Species of clover were planted in the same patch of garden.In time, one species disappeared from The patch.This is probably the Result of:competition
  4. Through Aquatic succession, a clear lake may eventually become a field
  5. Mass Killings of predators may result in an overpopulation of prey