Digestive System Disorders: Symptoms and Mechanisms
All of the evidence.
1. The equation of Nernst tells…
A: We reported an ion balance.
2. Within the types of parenteral feeding is the by:
A: Circulation.
3. About fats:
D: Digestion begins at the esophagus or stomach by mechanical and enzymatic action.
4. Products of the digestion of carbohydrates:
B: Enter the intestinal cells by co-transport.
5. Fats:
C: Almost all are fully digested by gastric lipase at extrapancreatic.
6. In the digestion of carbohydrates, disaccharides are formed.
They are absorbed in the brush border, with enzymes such as:
A: Maltase.
7. Dysentery concerns:
A) Bloody diarrhea, pus, and mucus.
B) Diarrhea with mucus.
C) Diarrhea with pus and tenesmus.
D) Diarrhea with pain.
E) All of the above.
8. Odynophagia is:
A) Pain on swallowing.
B) Difficulty in transporting the bolus through the stomach.
C) Difficulty chewing.
D) Sense of esophageal occupation.
E) None is correct.
9. Dyspepsia does not include…
A: Early satiety.
10. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding:
A) Is accompanied by hemoptysis.
B) Is accompanied by pain.
C) Is followed by melena.
D) Is followed by rectal bleeding.
E) Presents constipation.
Lower GI bleeding is followed by rectal bleeding.
11. The action at the small intestine of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol:
A) Increases calcium secretion.
B) Increases calcium absorption.
C) Increases the excretion of potassium.
D) Decreases calcium absorption.
E) None of the above.
12. Vomiting when food is presented with undigested food…
A: Vomiting of retention.
13. The iron level that is reabsorbed in the small intestine and enters a cell is…?
A: Transferrin.
14. Action at the small intestine of vitamin D3 is…?
A: Due to a pump in the membrane calcium ATPase lateral.
15. Inside the intestine, specific absorption is where bile salts are reabsorbed:
A: In the ileum.
16. The digestion of starch produces…
A: Maltose.
17. The micelle allows absorption of…
A: Free fatty acids.
18. Diarrhea dysmotility…
A: Hyperthyroidism.
19. The clinical picture of acute diarrhea…
R: Dehydration, tetany, hypovitaminosis, anemia. (All).
20. Acute pancreatitis is not presented with:
A) Decrease in blood pressure.
B) Increased blood pressure.
C) Increase in the concentration of NO.
D) Vasodilation.
E) Only A and C.
21. The normally positive gastric bazuqueo:
A) 1 hour after eating.
B) With abdominal pain.
C) With epigastric pain.
D) Fasting.
E) All of the above.
22. The natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection:
A) Gastric ulcers, duodenal and intestinal metaplasia.
B) Intestinal dysplasia.
C) Colon cancer.
D) Duodenal dysplasia.
E) None of the above.
23. In Zollinger-Ellison syndrome occurs:
A) Increased parietal cell mass.
B) Hypergastrinemia.
C) Increase in bile salts.
D) Increases the activity of lipase.
E) Only A and B.
24. Secretory diarrhea is due to:
A) Decreased secretion of intestinal fluids and electrolytes. (It is increased).
B) Inhibition of the absorption mechanisms.
C) Subsides with fasting.
D) Decreased secretion of enzymes.
E) Only B.
Osmotic diarrhea subsides with fasting.
Osmotic diarrhea occurs by an increase of solutes in the lumen of the intestine.
Exudative diarrhea processes occur in inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease,
and amoebic dysentery, acute, villous adenoma.
25. PTH stimulates the kidney:
A) Osteocytes, stimulates osteolysis.
B) Decreases bone resorption.
C) Increases calcium reabsorption in the distal tubule.
D) Increases the synthesis of vitamin D.
E) None of the above.
Hepatitis A: Fecal-oral, food intake, H2O.
Hepatitis B: Sexual, vertical, percutaneous, permucosal, parenteral.
Hepatitis C: Sexual, vertical, percutaneous, permucosal, parenteral.
Hepatitis D: Sexual, percutaneous, permucosal.
Hepatitis E: Fecal-oral, enteral.
26. During the physical examination is carried out:
A: Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation (All).
27. During palpation, you never detect…
R: Pancreas.
28. Structures within that I find in the region
Cord is:
R: Pancreas.
29. The gastric bazuqueo becomes important when it is positive…
R: Fasting.
30. H. pylori produces…
A: Apoptosis of gastric cells.
31. Osmotic diarrhea…
A: Increase of solutes in the lumen of the intestine.
32. Secretory diarrhea is due to:
A: Increased secretion of fluid and electrolytes.
Or inhibited absorption mechanisms.
33. Diarrhea due to exudative processes:
A: Inflammatory diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, acute amoebiasis, villous adenoma.
34. Chronic diarrhea is characterized by:
A: Blood in stools (any age, diarrhea, night/day, weight loss, fever, steatorrhea, anemia).
Functional chronic diarrhea: less than 45 years, diarrhea only during the day, with none of the above.
35. Within the causes of a process of lipid malabsorption, the following is not included:
A: Loss of decreased bile salts.
36. Acute pancreatitis is presented with:
R: Decreased blood pressure.
37. Acute pancreatitis can present except by…
A: Calcification (chronic pancreatitis).
38. Celiac disease:
A: Wheat prostaglandins.
40. The type of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, senile, is characterized by:
R: It is painless.
Juvenile idiopathic chronic pancreatitis: starts around age 20, recurrent pain, slow evolution.
Idiopathic senile chronic pancreatitis: onset after the 6th decade, is painless, debuts with steatorrhea and/or diabetes, weight loss and fatigue, is confused with pancreatic cancer.
Chronic Pancreatitis: starts between the third and fourth decade, is asymptomatic, more than 15 years
alcohol consumption.
41. The most common type of injury in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis:
R: It is the calcifying chronic injury.
Chronic calcifying lesion is patchy. (macroscopically)
Abscesses. (microscopically)
42. Parathyroid cell-produced:
A: Reduction of calcium for PTH release.
Test 3
43. Crohn’s disease:
A: Stenosis and cancer.
44. Acute diverticulitis is characterized by:
A: Ischemia of the colon.
45. In diverticular disease:
A: Spontaneous bleeding.
46. Among the great features of inflammation, we have:
A: Phagocytosis as the main function, participates in immune reactions, can become chronic.
47. Murphy’s sign:
A: It is used to rule out renal pain of lumbar type.
48. The positive rebound indicates:
R: Peritoneal irritation.
49. Diarrhea due to exudative process:
A: Crohn’s disease.
50. Diarrhea is caused by dysmotility:
A: Diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, scleroderma, amyloidosis. All.
52. Into the causes of the process of lipid malabsorption is not included:
A: Inactivation of enzymes.
53. The malabsorption of carbohydrates included in the clinical manifestation:
A: Meteorism.
54. Acute pancreatitis is presented with:
R: Decreased blood pressure.
55. The histological lesions of celiac disease involve:
A: Elongation of the lamina propria, crypt elongation, swelling of the villi, all.
56. When the body temperature varies and the thermoregulatory center remains unchanged, we are talking about:
R: Hyperthermia.
57. The area of our body that is layered to maintain stable temperature independent of the ambient temperature is:
A: Anus.
58. Thermogenesis is given by:
R: Muscle contractions.
59. The process that produces fever is mediated by:
R: Sympathetic fibers.
60. Necrosis is characterized by:
A: Presenting an inflammatory reaction.
61. In skin cells, cell injury can occur by accumulation of:
A: Melanin.
62. The differential diagnosis of ascites is done with:
A: Giant cyst, megacolon, bladder tumors, and large, extended tumors.
63. What does prostaglandin stimulate?
A: Secretion of mucus and bicarbonate.