Demographic and Economic Indicators: Key Definitions
Demographic and Economic Indicators
People Stop: Those aged 16 or over who are unemployed, seeking work, and available for work. May be seeking their first job or have worked previously.
Rejuvenation: The beginning of the demographic transition is possible due to the progress of the business cycle and the living conditions of the population since the Industrial Revolution. Power is enhanced with new foods from America, such as potatoes, tomatoes, and corn. Moreover, this improvement in power supports the birth rate, and as mortality decreases, due to the end of food crises, medical advances, and the decline in infectious disease morbidity and catastrophic epidemics, the population increases. On the other hand, fertility is fast, since men and women not subject to peasant production cycles can marry earlier to ensure income by working in a factory. This changes the European model of marriage. This population growth is its rejuvenation.
Other possibilities for population rejuvenation are due to positive net migration, when more immigrants enter a country than emigrate. The immigrant is usually a young person of working age and may have children with a high level of fertility, which contributes to the rejuvenation of the host country.
Migration Balance: The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a particular location. (Migration Balance = Immigration – Emigration). It is positive if there are more immigrants, and negative otherwise.
Economic Sector:
- Primary Sector: Includes all economic activities directly related to the use of natural resources, namely agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and forestry.
- Secondary Sector: The sector of the economy that includes industrial activities that transform raw materials or unprocessed products into manufactured products. This sector includes industry, mining, and construction.
- Tertiary Sector: The sector of the economy that brings together all service activities, which do not produce material goods directly, but also manage the distribution of products from other sectors, such as trade, transport, health, education, tourism, finance, and administration.
Rate of Natural Increase: The difference between births and deaths in a year relative to the total population. (Calculated per 1000 inhabitants).
Number of Births – Number of Deaths
TCN = ——————————————– x 1000
Total Population
Real Growth Rate: The balance between vegetative growth and natural growth in absolute terms and net migration. The real growth of a specific population during a period of time is calculated using the following formula:
CR = CV – MS (EI)
Fertility Rate: An index that relates the number of births per thousand women of childbearing age (between 15 and 49 years) over a period of time (usually one year) and in a given territory.
Number of Births
TFB = —————————————— x 1000
Number of Women Aged 15-49
Mortality Rate (Gross): The number of deaths per thousand inhabitants in a year in a given territory.
Number of Deaths
TBM = ——————————– x 1000
Total Population
Infant Mortality Rate: An index calculated per thousand that relates the number of child deaths under one year and the number of live births in that year, in a particular place.
Number of Children Who Died in One Year
TMI = ———————————————– x 1000
Number of Children Alive in a Year
Birth Rate (Crude): The ratio per thousand between the number of births in a year and the average of the existing population in that period in a particular place.
Number of Births
TNB = ——————————- x 1000
Total Population
Unemployment Rate: An index calculated as a percentage that expresses the number of people of working age (between 16 and 65) who are unemployed in a given period of time.
Number of Unemployed
TP = —————————– x 100
Total Assets