Demographic and Economic Indicators: Definitions
Civil Registration
Civil registration is a demographic source that continuously collects significant demographic events (deaths, births, marriages). These events generally happen immediately.
Net Migration
Net migration is the difference between emigrants and immigrants in a specific location. It is positive if the number of immigrants is greater than the number of emigrants, and negative otherwise.
Primary Sector
The primary sector includes the population employed in economic activities directly related to the exploitation of natural resources. This includes agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and forestry.
Secondary Sector
The secondary sector of the economy comprises the population involved in activities that transform raw materials or non-manufactured products into manufactured products. This sector typically includes industry, mining, and construction.
Tertiary Sector
The tertiary sector of the economy groups the population involved in activities commonly known as services. These services do not produce tangible goods directly but manage the distribution of goods from other sectors. Examples include trade, transport, health, education, tourism, finance, and administration.
Overpopulation
Overpopulation refers to an excessive population in an area relative to its resources or other broader economic or social objectives.
Natural Growth Rate
This is the result of births and deaths in a year relative to the total population for that year. It is expressed per hundred thousand.
Real Growth Rate
The real growth rate is the balance between natural vegetative growth and net migration. The following formula is used to calculate real growth within a given population during a period of time:
CR = CV – SM (EI)
Fertility Rate
The fertility rate is an index that relates the number of births per thousand women of childbearing age (between 15 and 49 years) over a period of time (generally one year) in a given territory:
Number of births x 1000 / Number of women aged 15-49
Mortality Rate
The mortality rate is an index calculated per thousand that relates the number of children who die under 1 year of age to the number of live births in that year in a specific place:
Number of infant deaths in a year x 1000 / Number of children alive in a year
Crude Birth Rate
The crude birth rate is the ratio per thousand of the number of births in a period and the average population present in said period in a particular place:
Number of births x 1000 / Number of inhabitants
Unemployment Rate
The unemployment rate is an index calculated as a percentage that expresses the number of people of working age (between 16 and 65) who are unemployed in a given period of time.
Tariff
A tariff is a tax levied on the price of a specific imported good to a country.
Balance of Trade
The balance of trade collects the value of all exports and imports of goods from a country to the outside during a period of time, typically one year.
Balance of Payments
The balance of payments is a systematic accounting document that records all economic transactions of a country with the rest of the world during a given time, typically one year. It includes the trade balance, services, and capital.
Wholesale
Wholesale trade is conducted by firms selling products in large quantities to retail trade and not to the consumer.
Retail
Retail trade is done by establishments that sell products directly to consumers.
Internal Trade
Internal trade encompasses all operations of buying and selling goods that are made within the borders of a country.
Foreign Trade
Foreign trade is the set of purchase and sale transactions of goods that a country makes with the rest of the world.