Cyber Technology, Network Security, Cyber Law and Cryptography
Cyber Technology: Definition and Components
Definition
Cyber technology refers to the use of computer systems, networks, software, and the Internet to create, store, process, transmit, and protect digital information. It forms the technological foundation of activities performed in cyberspace.
Explanation
Cyber technology enables communication, data sharing, online services, and digital transactions over interconnected networks. It supports modern applications such as e-commerce, e-governance, online banking, cloud computing, and social networking. At the same time, it is also associated with cyber threats, making security a crucial aspect.
Components of Cyber Technology
- Computer Systems: Includes hardware and software used to process and store digital data.
- Networks and Internet: Provide connectivity between systems for communication and data exchange.
- Software Applications: Programs used for online services, data processing, and automation.
- Cybersecurity Tools: Technologies like firewalls, antivirus, encryption, and intrusion detection systems used to protect data.
Types of Network Security
Introduction
Network security refers to the set of policies, technologies, and practices used to protect computer networks and data from unauthorized access, attacks, misuse, or damage. It ensures confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network resources.
Firewall
A firewall acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network (Internet).
- Filters incoming and outgoing network traffic
- Blocks unauthorized access
- Can be hardware-based or software-based
Antivirus and Anti‑Malware
These tools protect networks and systems from viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware.
- Detect and remove malicious software
- Provide real-time protection
- Require regular updates
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A VPN creates a secure, encrypted tunnel over the Internet.
- Protects data during transmission
- Used for secure remote access
Encryption
Encryption converts data into an unreadable form to prevent unauthorized access.
- Ensures data confidentiality
- Used in secure communication (HTTPS, VPNs)
Cyber Law: Definition and Components
Definition of Cyber Law
Cyber law is the branch of law that deals with legal issues related to the use of computers, networks, digital communication, and the Internet. It governs activities in cyberspace such as online transactions, data protection, cybercrimes, and electronic records. Cyber law provides a legal framework to regulate digital behavior and electronic activities.
Components of Cyber Law
Cyber Crimes
This component deals with offences committed using computers and networks.
Examples:
- Hacking
- Identity theft
- Phishing
- Cyber fraud
- Online cheating
Cyber Security
Cyber law covers measures to protect computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access and attacks.
- Protection of data
- Network security
- Prevention of cyber threats
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Cyberspace
This component protects digital intellectual property such as software.
Types of Cryptography
Introduction
Cryptography is the technique of securing information by converting it into an unreadable form so that only authorized persons can access it. It is widely used to protect data during storage and transmission in computer networks and the Internet.
Introduction
Cryptography is the technique of securing information by converting it into an unreadable form so that only authorized persons can access it. It is widely used to protect data during storage and transmission in computer networks and the Internet.
Asymmetric Key Cryptography
In asymmetric key cryptography, two different keys are used:
- Public Key (for encryption)
- Private Key (for decryption)
Features:
- More secure than symmetric cryptography
- Used for secure key exchange and authentication
- Slower compared to symmetric encryption
Examples: RSA, Diffie-Hellman