Critical Factors in Bioreactor Engineering and Performance

Posted on Jan 24, 2026 in Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Key Issues in Bioreactor Design and Operation

Designing and operating a bioreactor involves addressing several important biological, physical, and engineering factors to ensure optimal performance and productivity. The key issues are outlined below:

1. Sterility and Contamination Control

• Issue: Microbial contamination can destroy the culture or alter the desired product.
• Requirement: Bioreactor systems must maintain strict sterility throughout operation.

2. Temperature Management

• Issue: Biological reactions are temperature-sensitive; excessive heat can denature enzymes or kill cells.
• Requirement: Include cooling jackets, coils, or heat exchangers to maintain constant temperature.

5. pH Control

• Issue: Metabolic activity can change pH, affecting cell growth and product yield.
• Requirement: Automatic pH monitoring and control systems using acid/base addition are necessary.

6. Foam Formation

• Issue: Aeration and mixing often cause foam, which can lead to contamination and operational problems.
• Requirement: Use of mechanical foam breakers or antifoam agents is required to manage foam.