Core Concepts: Legal Philosophy, Logic, and Metaphysics
Method Definition?
It is a rule or a guide to continue with the intention of achieving any purpose or procedure.
What are the Two Goals of Method?
The two goals are:
- Order.
- Ensure steps to reach an end.
Legal Concept of Methodology?
It is the science that studies the stages or rules for the study of law or research.
Definition of Legal Philosophy?
It is the branch of philosophy that studies law.
Streams of Legal Philosophy?
The main streams are:
- Positivism
- Realism
- Sociological
- Ontological
Concept of Logic?
It is the science of thoughts and reason.
Difference Between Logic and Logical?
- Logic: Refers to a system that is consistent, tidy, and well-structured.
- Logical: Refers to that which is inconsistent, or to the individual conditions of thoughts.
Explain Positivism, Sociological, and Realism?
Positivism: A system of philosophy, notably by Auguste Comte in the Nineteenth Century, which posits that human knowledge is based on experience, and knowledge can only be based on the senses. Positivism rejects metaphysics.
Difference Between Thought and Reason?
- Thought: An idea or representation that serves the mind.
- Reason: Occurs when an understanding is formed, distinguishing the true concept of being.
Definition of Real Logic?
It is the science of thought forms, as they facilitate correct and true mental reasoning.
Material and Formal Subject?
- Material Subject: An item or thing studied by science.
- Formal Subject: The structure or modality of thoughts in the mind.
Concept of Idea and Concept?
- Idea: Is the mental representation.
- Concept: When we first image an object, forming the sensible or inattentive representation.
Definition of Essence and Idea?
- Essence: Something whose existence is real because it is extramental, regardless of human knowledge.
- Idea: An essence is intended, but the idea is only available in the human mind.
What is Universality?
These are ideas that exclude the differences of things of the same kind or genus.
Concept of Definition?
It is the expression of what an object is, without adding or removing anything.
How is Definition Divided?
- Nominal Definition: Refers to the word, stating what the name is or the meaning of the word.
- Real Definition: Concerns the meaning of the thing, an explanation that is subject to accuracy when we provide a definition.
What is Epistemology?
It is the philosophical discipline whose purpose is to pinpoint criteria for what can be known.
Three Basic Elements in the Epistemological Process?
- The Cognizable Object: Something we are going to perceive.
- The Cognizing Subject: The one who perceives, but without a clear idea of how the object is constituted.
- The Act of Knowing: The moment we believe we interact with the subject.
Definition of Categories?
Categories are supreme concepts that include all relationships.
Two Basic Features?
- Substance: Every entity that exists in itself.
- Accidents: That which exists in another.
Aristotle’s Nine Accidents?
- Quantity: All that can be divided into parts.
- Quality: Notes or characteristics that inhere in the substance or are estimable.
- Relationship: An expression that relates two substances.
- Action: The operation that the subject is performing.
- Passion: Notes or characteristics that the subject receives.
- Time: Indicates when something is occurring.
- Place: Indicates the location of the substance.
- Position: Indicates the disposition of the parts in the same place.
- Having: Indicates the fact that the substance possesses something external.
Definition of Composition?
Composition is the distinction of a whole from its parts.
Classification of Composition?
It refers to the ordering of different groups of individuals based on a concept of extension.
Definition of Proposition?
It is anything significant that can be said to be true or false.
What is Reasoning?
It obtains a conclusion based on other propositions.
Four Laws in Jusnaturalism?
- Law
- Eternal
- Natural
- Divine