Construction Site Management & Project Documentation
Understanding Construction Site Facilities
Basic Terms:
- Construction Property
- Construction
- Building Land
- Site Facilities
Site Facility Requirements:
- Security of site facilities: fences, entrances, gates.
- Protection & Safety measures.
- Safe buildings within site facilities.
- Proper storage of materials & products.
- Underground, energy, telecommunication, water & sewage networks for site facilities must be identified (positions & levels) before handover.
- All entrances to site facilities must be lockable.
- Sidewalks: minimum 0.75 m wide. Two-direction sidewalks: 1.5 m wide.
- If inclination is greater than 1:3, a one-sided handrail (up to 1.1 m) is required.
- Clearance: 2.1 m (in exceptional cases: 1.8 m + lighting & marking).
- Built-up area: fencing up to 1.8 m.
Types of Site Facilities
Division by Purpose:
- Operation Site Facilities
- Production Site Facilities
- Site Facilities for Employees
Division by Location & Main Function:
- Property-Related SF: For a specific property.
- Section-Related SF: For a specific section of the site.
- Central SF: For the entire site with several properties.
Approximate Size of Area for Site Facilities (SF):
Pc = Pi + Ps + Pt + Pmd + Po (m²)
This formula comprises areas needed for:
- Pi: Investment properties
- Ps: Site facilities for the supplier of construction works
- Pt: Site facilities for the supplier of technology
- Pmd: Temporary heaps (topsoil & excavated materials)
- Po: Other parts of site facilities
Construction Stages Influenced by External Conditions
The following construction stage processes are significantly influenced by external conditions, primarily weather:
- Stage Process 0: Earth Moving Works & Demolitions — Winter, Weather
- Stage Process 1: Foundations — Winter, Weather
- Stage Process 2: Lower Shell Structure — Winter, Weather
- Stage Process 3: Upper Shell Structure — Winter, Weather
- Stage Process 4: Roofing — Winter, Weather
- Stage Process 9: Outdoor Works — Weather
Essential Construction & Technology Project Documents
These documents are the outcome of construction preparations. A model of the construction process is prepared based on:
- Space analysis
- Technology & time aspects of the building process
Basic Documents in CTP / STP:
- Technology Chart: Analyzes the spatial structure of the building process.
- Technology Analysis (Normal): Analyzes the technology structure of the building process.
- Time Chart: Analyzes the time structure of the building process.
- Flow Chart: Models the technology, time & spatial structures of the construction process or facility.
- Time-and-Space Chart: Analyzes the time & space structures of the building process.
- Charts of Resources Needed in Time: Includes finances, labor force, and materials.
- Operative & Financial Plan.
- Inspection & Testing Plan.
- Description of Site Facilities.
Understanding Time Planning in Construction
Time planning involves proposing a reasonable time structure for the construction process, which is a key task in construction & technology design. Individual components of the time structure need to be addressed, including the time behavior (duration & times) of lower-level components of the operation process, as well as the total duration.
Considering the relations between technical equipment, technology, and organization, processes can:
- Follow each other directly or with interruptions.
- Overlap.
- Take place at the same time.
Common models for time planning include:
- Time Schedule
- Cyclogram
- Network Chart
Each of these models typically consists of an identification, calculation, graphic, and evaluation part.
Types of Network Charts
Stochastic Charts:
- These charts use probability to determine the duration of activities.
Deterministic Charts:
- With Defined Edges: Activities are represented by edges.
- With Defined Nodes: Activities are represented by nodes.
In deterministic charts, the duration of activities is determined by mathematical methods.