Comprehensive Guide to Industrial Project Development and Technical Regulations in Spain
FIRE PROTECTION
Passive Protection
Aiming, by the design and behavior of construction elements before fire, ventilation of the building, and its geometry, to prevent the spread of fire and ensure people’s lives.
Behavior of Building Elements Under Fire:
- Fire Stability (EF)
- Flame Arrester (PF)
- Resistance to Fire (RF)
Active Protection
It consists of using appropriate means for confining, controlling, and extinguishing the fire once it has occurred.
Classification of Fires:
- Class A: Solid materials
- Class B: Liquid or liquefiable solids
- Class C: Gases
- Class D: Metals
- Class E: Materials under stress
Extinguishing Media:
- Gas: CO2, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Halon, a mixture of gases
- Liquids: Water, foam
- Solids: Chemical powders, especially for metals
Regulations:
- Periodic Inspection: This is performed by an OCA (Authorized Control Agency).
- Review: This can be done by any person with the required qualifications (electricity, etc.).
ITEM 2: TECHNICAL OFFICE
Technical Office
It is an organization conceived as a set of human, technical, scientific, and material resources to provide engineering services to a company.
Technical Regulations
The industry standard in general is covered in Spain by Royal Decrees (RD).
Royal Decree
(The technical regulation is a Royal Decree) is passed by the Council of Ministers, it is enacted by the King, and signed by the Minister of the relevant department or the Presidency if it affects several ministries.
Structure:
- Reason
- Adoption of the rules
- Transitional provisions
- Provisions derogatory
- Final disposal (entered into force)
- Enabling the ministry for policy development
Types of Technical Office (and Active):
- OT Studies and Projects
- OT of Industrial Designs
- Manufacturing and Assembly OT
REVIEW QUESTION:
By definition, no rule is mandatory unless a regulation expressly states that a rule is mandatory.
UNIT 3: TECHNICAL REPORTS AND CERTIFICATES
Valuations and Appraisals
It allows the determination of the value or degree of interchangeability of goods, assessing the economic cost of something tangible or intangible. Poll NO = Budget.
- Rating (lack of accuracy) at past, present, or future.
- Budget (accuracy) in the future.
The assessment involves a process that has to be stated therein. Pricing is more or less a review but more a matter of law.
BASIC CASES:
- Valuation of claims
- Valuation of machinery and equipment
- Rating of buildings: capital, market, historical, or typical
Technical Report
A document that describes the progress or outcome of scientific or technical research or the status of a scientific problem.
PARTIES:
- Initial party
- Body of the report
- Annexes
- Final part
Analysis of Value
- Value = Quality / Price
- Value = Service offered / price
PHASES OF WORK PLAN IN THE ANALYSIS OF VALUE:
- Logical or rational phase
- Intuitive or creative phase
- Criticism or evaluation phase
Valuation Methods:
- Synthetic method
- Analytical method or rational
BUILDINGS:
V = S + (CXD), V = value of the property. S = value of the site. C = value of the existing building. D = depreciation rate.
DEMOLITION:
V = (S + M) – (D + v + t) V = I + G, M = materials. D = demolition costs. v = cost of selling the materials. t = transport costs to landfill. I = income. Method .- G = expenditure detail. – Statistical method. -Empirical method.
Assessment Procedure:
- Introduction
- Aim of the work
- Motivation, purpose, and importance of valuation
- Desired degree of accuracy
- Quick explanation of the methodology
- Description and analysis of the valued
- Evaluation criteria and selection of method or methodology adopted
- Calculation of valuation
- Conclusion
ITEM 4: INDUSTRIAL PROJECT
Draft
A set of documents, hardware, software, or other materials that define the general characteristics of a product, work, installation, service, or software without going into detail on the characteristics of each of the elements that compose it.
Technical Report
It’s a prior notice, and something is done to improve.
Project
A complete rationale study, which includes a set of documents, calculations, and drawings, tending to the construction, manufacturing, and operation of any product or modifying an existing one.
Rating Industrial Project:
- Large industrial investment projects
- Facilities and industrial plants
- Lines and industrial production processes
- Machinery, equipment, and its elements
- Prototypes
Phases of the Project:
- Preliminary study
- Draft
- Project
- Processing: Visa Official organizations
- Implementation
- Reception
Figures in Construction Contracts:
They are agents of the building, all persons, natural or legal, involved in the building process. Their duties will be determined by the provisions of LOE (Act on the Building Ordinance).
- Promoter: Owner of the land
- Designer: Us
- Builder: He who does the work
- Head of force employed builder
- Construction manager (God): We, the developer hires us
- Jobbing director (Jesus Christ)
- Suppliers
- Laboratories
- Owners
OPTIONAL ADDRESS:
How the construction manager and the director of commission work.
- OCT: Agency for technical control
- OCA: Approved inspection agency
- CONSULTANCIES DIP: Project management or integrated projects
- Project Management: (Ownership; Planners; Administration; Suppliers, Builders, Workers.) Coordinates all the mobility of roles, permissions, etc., you must ask or give to everyone around.
ITEM 5: DRAFT CONCEPT
Definition
A set of documents by which it defines, justifies, values, and conditions every stage of work/manufacturing, with enough precision for any doctor to manage it.
Purpose of the 15,701 UNE 2002
Establishes general considerations that allow specifying the characteristics to be satisfied by product projects, works and buildings (excluding housing), facilities (including residential facilities), software services (software) to conform to the order that is defined.
Standard
Technical specification approved by a recognized normalizing activity. It is NOT mandatory unless directed by a regulation.
- National standards
- Regional standards
- International Standards
Technical specification defines the characteristics required of a product (levels of quality, safety, etc.)
Technical Regulations
Includes technical specifications and other requirements such as mandatory administrative arrangements.
Technical Certification
Demonstration by a company that it has adequate confidence that a product, process, or service, properly identified, is consistent according to the specified standard.
Draft Technical Regulation
Text formulated to adopt it as a technical regulation.
NOTE: Using the future tense indicates mandatory requirements; suggestions or proposals that are not mandatory are expressed using conditional or subjunctive time.
Documents of the Project:
The basic documents are:
- General index
- Memory
- Annexes
- Plans
- Specification
- State of the measurements
- Budget
- Studies on its own
Sections of the Report:
- Object
- Scope
- Background
- Standards and benchmarks
- Definitions and abbreviations
- Design requirements
- Analysis solutions
- Final results
- Planning
Priority Among the Basic Documents
If not specified, the priority shall be:
- Flat
- Pliego conditions
- Presupuesto
- Memoria
Attachments
Formed by the documents that develop, justify, clarify, or delve into specific sections of memory or other basic documents of the project.
Annexes contain requirements relating to:
- Documentation of departure
- Calculations
- Implementation Annexes of the project in the field
- Other documents
ITEM 6: ROUTE
Purpose
To represent the single most important document required for manufacturing the designed product. Along with the specifications are the project contract documents.
Types of Schemes:
- General: Situation, Location, Stakeout, General distribution
- Detailed drawings
Details of the Flat Wall Jack
- Título the project
- Datos sponsor
- Datos the project (including No collegial and signature)
- Denominación the plane
- Número the plane
- Escala
- Iniciales draftsman and date
- Iniciales supervisor and date
CONCLUSION
Very important document in the project because they are represented in diagrams of the various facilities and the distribution, location, dimensions, details, etc.
ITEM 7: THE STATEMENT OF CONDITIONS
Introduction
It is the most important document from a contractual standpoint. If the plans say what to do, the specifications set how to do it. Basic document for the project. Its mission is to establish the technical, economic, administrative, and legal framework for the purpose of the project to materialize in the specified conditions, avoiding possible interpretations different from those desired.
Contents of the Specification:
- GTC
- Terms of materials and equipment
- Economic conditions
NOTE: In case of disagreement on grades, what is put in the specification prevails.
GTC
- Legal terms
- Terms optional
- Conditions to be satisfied by the executor of the project
- Technical conditions
- Contents of solicitation release
- Material specifications and elements of the scope of the project
- The rules and regulations applicable
- Aspects of the contract
ITEM 8: STATE OF MEASUREMENT
Purpose
Its mission is to define and determine the units of each item or unit of work that makes up the entire product, work, installation, service, or software covered by the project.
Unit of Work
Part of the work that elementally supposes a given performance.
NOTE: Measurements shall be expressed in many different units, depending on what is taken to define the unit of work.
Costs of the Work Unit (Unit Cost)
- Direct cost: Labor, Materials, Personnel, fuel, energy, machinery depreciation and maintenance, etc.
- Indirect Cost: Those derived from the execution of the work but not attributable to a particular work unit. “Specific facilities on site. -Salaries of technical staff, administrative and common services to all of the work.
Cost Hours Labor
C = A + B + K * A; A: amounts received by the worker wage basis, subject to trading. B: amounts received on a non-pay, not subject to trading. K: amounts payable by the employer (social security and accident insurance) in statutory rates to the amounts subject to this levy.
Calculation of Direct Costs of Machinery
- Intrinsic
- Complementary
- Transportation
ITEM 9: BUDGET
Purpose
To determine the economic cost of the project object. It will build on the state of measurement, and management will remain the same.
Parts of the Budget
- Table of measurements
- Pricing Chart
- Budget itself
Of the 3, the only contractual one is the price table.
Type of Budget
Depending on which aspects are covered:
- Financial and physical implementation (or force)
- Contractual budget execution
- Total budget
- Budget management
- Other auxiliary budgets
Budget Implementation Material
It is worth running the physical work + workforce. It is the sum of all partial gift budgets and will include the study of health and safety and an environmental study.
NOTE: If there is a discrepancy between the price in words and figures, the price addressed in letters will be considered.
Contractual Budget Execution
This budget includes additional costs associated with the constructor (13% to 17%). They depend on the work. GG: overheads and administration (13%). BI: industrial benefit (6%). VAT (16%).
Total Budget
Only applicable when the project is dedicated to individual customers.
Documents to Sign the Project
- Descriptive report
- Annexes
- All levels
- Specification
- Pricing Chart
- Budgets
ITEM 10: STUDIES WITH OWN BODY
Mission
To include the documentation required by legal requirements. It includes, among others, and without limitation, those relating to: prevention of occupational hazards, studies of safety and health, environmental protection, and economic surveys.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
- PPL: Liquid petroleum products
- MI-IP: Ministry of industry, oil drilling
- DR. 2-085: Regulation of oil rigs
- ITC MIE – IP03 (RD 1523/1999): Trays: Storage of PPL. Pressure devices.
- 1244/1979 RD: Regulation of pressure vessels has 17 ITC. Caldera – pressurized hot water. Caldera pirotubular – fire going down the tubes. Caldera acotubular – so far, through the pipes is water.
Safety Devices:
- Valves: Safety, retention, etc.
Classification of Boilers:
- A: pxv> 600
- B: 10
- C: pxv <10
What is uncubeto? Deposit that surrounds the fuel tank.
Differences Between Technical Review and Inspection:
- Periodic inspection is carried out by an inspection body approved (ITV).
- Review or verification is qualified but does not have the status of a body.
LPG: Liquefied petroleum (butane, propane, ethane, natural gas, etc.)
We must distinguish 3 types are classified into families depending on the calorific value;
- Family 1st: Calorific 4200 kcal/m^3 (manufactured gas)
- 2nd Family: Calorific value: 10,000 kcal/m^3 (natural gas less dense than air)
- 3rd Family: Calorific 26,200 Kcal/m^3 (commercial butane, heavier than air)
- Butane: grids below
- Natural gas: grid above
- Deposits A-0, A-5 (surface)
- Deposits E (buried) sacrificial anode to review it every year. 4 years inspection body.
Mobile Containers Group 1:
- Forbidden: Premises under street level (basement), Eyebrows ladder, Corridors.
- Minimum reserve bottles including: 3m homes, 1m weather 0.5m pipeline.
- Drives: Prohibited embed pipes.
Profiles of the Technical Office:
- Project documents: bibliography and technical report
- Mission plans and the Annex
- Three main tables that make up the budget
- Types of budgets
- Contents of specification
- Definition of the technical report
- Differences between technical report and draft
- Defining the unit of work