Cloud Computing and Virtualization Fundamentals

Posted on Dec 10, 2025 in Computer Engineering

Virtualization: Core Concepts and Benefits

Defining Virtualization

Virtualization is the creation of a virtual rather than actual version of something, such as hardware, an operating system, a storage device, or a network device. This process includes splitting a single physical computer into multiple virtual computers (Virtual Machines), each with its own software-based resources: CPU, RAM, hard disk, and Network Interface Card (NIC).

Virtual Machine (VM) Key Features

  • Isolation: The VM’s operating system is isolated from the host operating system, enhancing stability and security.
  • Encapsulation: The entire VM environment is encapsulated into a single file or set of files, making it portable and easy to manage.

Advantages of Virtualization

  • Reduced Costs
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Better system security and reliability
  • Simple data recovery

Disadvantages of Virtualization

  • Does not support some specific applications.
  • Resource Demanding (requires sufficient host resources).
  • Some specialized hardware and software are impossible to virtualize.

Understanding Emulation

Emulation occurs when one system is configured to behave identically to another system. This is beneficial for running older hardware and software, or for testing compatibility with newer models.

Virtualization vs. Emulation

Emulation, in short, involves making one system imitate another. For example, if software runs on System A but not System B, we make System B emulate the working environment of System A. The software then runs successfully on the emulation layer.

Virtualization, using the same example, involves taking System A and splitting it into two or more virtual servers (e.g., B and C). Both virtual servers are independent software containers, each having its own access to software-based resources (CPU, RAM, storage, and networking). They can be rebooted independently and behave exactly like real hardware; an application or another computer would not be able to tell the difference.

Cloud Computing Explained

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is one of the easiest ways for business owners to take advantage of the latest technologies without spending a fortune on expensive computer parts, software licenses, or dedicated IT specialists.

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

  • On-demand self-service
  • Broad network access
  • Resource pooling
  • Rapid elasticity (Scalability)
  • Measured service (Pay-per-use)

Advantages of Cloud Computing

  • Cost savings
  • Reliability
  • Manageability
  • Strategic competitive edge

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

  • Potential downtime
  • Security concerns
  • Vendor lock-in
  • Limited control over infrastructure

Cloud Deployment Models

Depending on user necessities, there are four main deployment models available:

Public Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is available to the general public on a commercial system. This permits consumers to develop and provide services in the cloud with very little financial support. Services are delivered to multiple organizations.

Private Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is dedicated, stationed, maintained, and operated for a specific organization. This model is often preferred for businesses requiring high control and security.

Community Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is shared among a number of organizations with similar interests and requirements. This collaborative effort helps reduce expenses while maintaining specific community standards.

Hybrid Cloud

This infrastructure consists of a mix of on-premises, private cloud, and third-party public cloud services. The clouds have the ability to interface, allowing data and applications to be moved seamlessly between platforms through orchestration.

Cloud Service Models (XaaS)

SaaS (Software as a Service)

SaaS is a software distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers over the internet. Examples: Google Workspace (formerly Google Apps), inacapmail.cl, Oracle On Demand, Salesforce.com.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

IaaS is a form of cloud computing that provides fundamental virtualized computing resources (like VMs, storage, and networks) over the internet. Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Rackspace, Microsoft Azure, IBM SmartCloud.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

PaaS is a cloud computing model that delivers a platform—including hardware and software tools—to users over the internet, allowing them to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of managing the infrastructure. Examples: Google App Engine, Windows Azure, Force.com.

Review and Study Points Checklist

This section summarizes key topics often tested regarding cloud and virtualization concepts:

  1. What is cloud computing? (Alternative/Multiple Choice)
  2. Which services represent cloud services? (Answer: All)
  3. Matching Terms: PaaS, SaaS, IaaS.
  4. Types of Clouds: Private, Public, Community, Hybrid.
  5. Listing 4 advantages of cloud computing.
  6. Listing 5 characteristics of cloud computing.
  7. Understanding VM features: Isolation and Encapsulation.
  8. Diagram interpretation (Implied visual aid).
  9. Matching Terms (Advanced): SASS= FORCE; PASS = microsoft; IASS = gmail (Note: These pairings are likely specific to a test or course material.)
  10. Reviewing advantages.
  11. Bonus topic.