Client-Server Computing and Windows Server Administration
Describe the components and purpose of a client server computing environment. Client/server is a program relationship in which one program (the client) requests a service or resource from another program (the server). Windows NT established a new file system called NTFS.
What were the two major versions of Windows NT?Server and Workstation
How did they differ in function?Server acted as a server in networks. Workstation was for stand-alone or client workstations
What made Windows 2000 such a security risk (name 2)?Default settings and new features that can be exploited
How did Code Red and Nimba attack Windows 2000?Buffer overflow
What did Server 2003 and Server 2008 change to lower the security threat (name 2)?Disabled some default settings. Improved AD and features
Which Server 2012 edition limits the amount of VMs which can be deployed?Foundation
Which Server 2012 edition is suited to support a cloud environment?Essentials
What are the three major Server 2012 Role categories? Name 2 roles per category.Application: IIS and COM+. Infrastructure: DNS and DHCP. Directory: ADCS and ADDS
Server 2012 edition without a GUI.Server Core
What are the benefits of the Server 2012 edition mentioned in the previous question? Greater stability, simplified management, reduced maintenance, reduced memory and disk requirements, reduced attach surface. It is possible to change a Server 2012 non GUI edition but not vice versa.False
Draw a diagram of the architecture of Hyper-V.Hardware>Hypervisor>VMs
What are three benefits of working with virtual machines?High availability, Scalability, and backup with fast recovery
Name 4 things you can configure in a virtual machine.Domain, integration services, data exchange services, dynamic RAM
How does Hyper-V differ from virtualization programs such as VMware Workstation, Virtual Box, and Virtual PC?Hyper-V can support more logical processors. It can also address more RAM. Runs on bare metal
Guest
Integration Services supports the enhance management and operation of operating systems in a virtual machine. What is the benefit of configuring dynamic memory?Use physical memory more efficiently
Which dynamic memory setting would be used to determine the maximum amount of VMs which could be run at a moment?Minimum RAM
Besides the above setting name and describe two other dynamic memory settings.Max RAM specifies the max RAM
Memory Buffer provides a VM with greater memory capacity
A feature can be installed and can be used to support a role or smaller function on a server. Which Operating System can be upgraded directly to Server 2012 R2?Server 2008 R2
NIC Teamingcan be configured to support connectivity in the event of a Network Card failure. What are the two major purposes of a Directory Service?Central administration and single sign on
The forest is the core component of Active Directory.
The schema defines the layout of Active Directory. What does the answer to the previous question define?Classes of objects and their attributes
Name 4 objects which exist or can be managed in Active Directory.Users, Groups, Printers, Policies, Shared Folders, Computers
The name of the Active Directory database is ntds.Dit.
A Domain Controllercontains the Active Directory Database and performs logon authentication for the domain.
An Organizational
Unit is a container within Active Directory which can be used to organize Active Directory objects. A tree is defined as a collection of domains which share a common schema, common namespace, and a transitive trust relationship. A forest is a collection of domains which share a transitive trust relationship and a common schema. Active Directory cannot be installed without the domain networking service. What is the big difference between a member server and a domain controller? DC stores all the information and objects of a domain. DCs cannot be used to deploy all roles. Domain users can login on member servers while no domain user can login on a domain controller without set permissions. Describe the process a domain computer goes thru when it boots.Queries DC, authenticates, login
Describe the two services which DNS provides for Active Directory.Name space resolution and service location
Can a domain user still logon to a domain computer when a domain controller cannot be contacted (explain)?Yes, cached files enable this
PowerShell provides a robust environment for scripting commands for Active Directory management. Referring to the previous question cmdlets are single function commands for this environment.
CSVDE can be used to import users from a CSV file.
DSADDcan be used to create users from a command line. The domain admin global group has administrative rights to all computers within a domain. When a user is created in AD that user is placed into the Domain Users group and can logon to all computers (except domain controllers) within a domain. A local user exists in a Kerberos file and is authenticated by the local computer.
ADUC is a utility which can be used to manage Active Directory domain accounts.
RSAT is the service needed for remote management of Server 2012.
MSTSC can be used to remotely create a new logon session on a Server 2012 computer and does not require the remote computer to be part of the domain. A server groupcan be created which can be used to remotely manage multiple Server 2012 computers simultaneously. A MMC can be used to allow GUI management of a server core computer. A dynamically expanding virtual disk format will expand according to usage. A fixed virtual disk format is fixed and will reserve a certain amount of disk space. A checkpoint can be created which will allow a VM to revert to a previous state. Describe three best practices for backups.Use external hard disks, monitor network backup information, use multiple hard disks
What are the two choices for Windows Backup?Manual and scheduled
What are the server and storage devices called in ISCSI configuration?Initiator and Target
Why is backup considered important for security (list 2 reasons)?To protect data loss from a virus. Also, to protect data loss from updates
A snapshot is a copy of the settings and files of a place in time of a VM. Describe when you would use the technology listed in the previous question.In testing environments and when updating
Draw a layout of a SAN.
Describe all the components.LAN>Host>SAN>Storage Array. Switch, storage device, server
Describe the three technologies which can run a SAN.Fiber Channel, ISCSI – SCSI, FOE (Fiber Channel Over Ethernet)
Describe how you would configure the partitions in a server for optimal backup, and fault tolerance planning.Boot partition, system partition, and system state data
What are the new plans or mantra for Server 2012 deployment?The power of many servers, the simplicity of one
What was different about Windows NT as compared to the other Windows OS family (name 4 things)?
Windows NT is based on the NT 3.1 kernel, 64 Bit OS, NTFS, Advanced networking capabilities.
What was the mantra of Windows 2000 – What were the major security concerns for Windows 2000?The easiest Windows yet
Code Red and Nimba attacks
What was the focus of Windows Server 2003?
Security.
Describe the functionality of the two major Server 2012 editions.Server 2012: Security improvements and VDI
Server 2012 R2: Group Policy, security, AD DS, DNS, PowerShell Core variation for both
What is the focus and key features of Windows Server 2012?
Server manager, Command line first GUI second mentality, Hyper-V Replication.
Describe the 3 major Server Roles categories (give examples).DNS Server allows you to become a domain server to the rest of your domain
AD CS allows you to make, issue, and manage certificates like a CA
AD DS allows you to manage a domain
What is a Server Core? When would you deploy a Server Core?Non GUI version of Windows Server. Used for low overhead
How do you convert between the GUI and Core?Remove Graphical Management Tools and Infrastructure feature and Server Graphical Shell feature
Describe the architecture of Hyper-V.Hyper-V Sits on top of the Physical Hardware, it manages system resources for virtualization
Describe the functionality of Hyper-V.Let’s you create a virtualized server computing environment where you can create and manage virtual machines
What is a virtual machine?An emulation of a computer system
What is the purpose of guest integration services?Optimize the performance of a VM
What is the purpose of dynamic memory?To allow the memory to be shared between multiple VMs
Describe 5 settings of dynamic memory.Max RAM specifies the max RAM (32GB for a VM)
Memory Buffer provides a VM with greater memory capacity
Memory Weight provides a way to determine how to distribute memory
Memory Priority allows you to indicate which VMs should receive memory first
Startup RAM specifies the amount of memory required to start a VM
What is the difference between a role and a feature? Which utility would you use to install either?A role is a generic function that a server hosts. DNS server or web server
A feature is a specific piece of software that adds a very granular piece of functionality to a server
Virtual Switchcan be used to provide increased network bandwidth. Name and describe the two major files of a VM.VM file stores all VM settings
VHDX file is the virtual hard drive of the system. It stores the OS and other programs
What is Active Directory?A database that keeps track of all the user accounts and passwords in your organization
What is the core component of AD? Why is this called a security boundary? Forest is considered a security boundary because it establishes user accounts and permissions from a centralized server via Kerberos (KDC).How do you create a domain?Add DNS and Active Directory Domain Services roles. Connect the VMs to the domain. Point the DNS to the DC
What is the schema?A set of rules that define the classes of objects and their attributes
What is a domain controller?A server that responds to security authentication requests within a Windows domain
Why would you install two DC for a domain?Load balancing
What is the benefit of a RODC?Security, manageability, and scalability
What is an organizational unit and what is it used for?A logical subgroup within a domain. To assign Group Policy settings or account permissions
What is a forest?A group of domain trees that do not share a contiguous namespace
What is a tree?A group of domains that share a contiguous namespace
What is the difference between adding a server to a domain and adding a server to be a domain controller in an existing domain?Adding a server to a domain does not change its role in the domain
What service does AD need to operate?DNS
What is the functionality of PowerShell?Used to manage remote computers. Can run scripts
What is a cmdlet?A lightweight command that is used in the Windows PowerShell environment
What is CSVDE used for?To load CSV data in PowerShell
What is DSADD used for?Command line tool to add objects to the directory
What is the difference between a local user and a domain user?Domain user has access to domain resources. Local user has access to local resources
What is the scope of a global group? Give two examples of global groups. The global group accounts are from the same domain as the parent and scope can be converted to universal, default groups, admin groups. What is the scope of the domain admins, domain users, and administrator groups?Global
What is the scope of a domain local group (give two examples)? These groups can include users, computers, and groups from any domain in the forest. They are most often utilized to grant permissions for resources and can be used to provide access to any resource in the domain in which they are located. It is thus logical for a domain local group to include global groups that contain all users with a common need for a given resource.Cert publishers and DNS admins
Where can you manage the above two groups?AD Users and Computers
RSAT is the service needed for remote management of a server 2012.
VPN can be used to remotely manage a server and not have to be in the same domain as the remote server.
MSTSC (Remote Desktop)
creates a new remote session on a Server 2012.
MMC can be used to remotely manage Server Core with a GUI.
PowerShell can be used to remotely manage multiple Server 2012 computers from a single utility. Describe 3 virtual disk formats.VHD – Supports virtual hard drives up to 2040 GB
Shared VHDX – Shares with Hyper-V cluster users
VHDX – Supports up to 64 TB
What is a checkpoint\snap-shot and when would you use it?Checkpoints are used to capture the state, data, and configuration of a VM. To restore
What are the differences in deployment of a backup and a snapshot?A VM restored from a backup has to be started. A VM reverted from a check point can be off