Catalan Political and Economic Rise (1875-1898)
1. The Catalan political
With the invasion of Napoleon in Europe are beginning to formulate national theory. This power is understood as a movement that seeks ways to organize politically on the actual base of the Catalina and the general use of language and the incorporation of ideas from diverse sources.
This new Catalan sifusa manifests itself between the country, basically expressed by intellectuals. All sectors agreed Catalan believe that the framework of the various activities and entertainment cualturales was the Catalan in Catalonia and had to be the main pioridad.
We found two basic ideas in Catalan:
– The progress, which comes from federalism
– The Tradition, which comes from Carlism.
The originality of Catalan was precisely the combination of modernity, which stood for industrial transformation, political, artistic, etc.. With the tradition of language and symbols of the past. We found three circles in the early years of Catalan:
1. Romantic literature about the magazine Renaixensa usually radical and uncompromising.
2. The Catholic group setmanari Veu Vic de Montserrat, a conservative. Carlist heir, once the Carlist recognize Alfonso XII, the pope signed a nuevaacuerdo with the Spanish state. The main representative of this current will be the Bishop of Vic called Tores and Bages, who wants to make a Catholic church but has Catalan roots.
3. The feds led by Valenti Almirall (1941-1904)
– The formation of the first Catalan politician
Valenti Almirall drives during the 1880s the first Catalan politics, ie the transformation of the Catalan nationalist movement in doctrines and parties willing to intervene in the public. Founded the first newspaper in catalan “Catalan newspapers” (1879), organized the first two congresses Catalan (political assemblies convened in Barcelona) and founded a cultural grouping and politics called “The Catalan Center in 1882.
It is known by a document called “Memorial Ombudsman. In 1887 the more conservative elements of the Catalan Center, as Angel Guimerá, Domènech i Montaner founded a new group known as the Catalan league. The first act of this league was the letter sent to the Queen Regent Maria Cristina in 1888 calling for full autonomy for Catalonia. 1901se created in the Regionalist League.
Aparacamientos In 1891 a new group called “La Union Catalana, a federation of organizations ideologically and socially diverse. The first major action of the Union of the Catalan nationalist in 1892 was held a meeting to approve the basis for the Catalan Regional Constitution known as the Bases de Manresa.
The government began a crackdown against the Catalans with the excuse that he was a threat to Spanish unity. Many things were forbidden. During those years in the press and the politics of Madrid begins to use the word to disqualify the Catalan separatist politoco.
2. An era of economic prosperity
The period between the years 1875 to 1898 Spain is characterized by an increase in the number of inhabitants and the overall economic prosperity.
2.1 The demography
In Europe we can find in declining birth rates and increasing high mortality rate
since it will remain above 30% 0.
There are a lot of stocks that migrate especially Argentina and Brazil. Instead the Catalans emigrated to Cuba.
Since 1885 the Spanish mortality rate begins to normalize, with a slow decrease. In the late nineteenth find two constants cntinuaron demographic that for much of the twentieth.
1. The emigration from the countryside to the cities
2. The emigration from the center to the periphery.
The population report that Spain remains a country farm where the majority of the population worked in the fields and lived in urban Nucli. Between 1887 and 1900 are the demographic constants that characterize much of the century.
1. The simultaneous decrease of the birth and mortality with a small vegetative cremiento.
2. The increase of population in Barcelona.
3. The concentration of population in the coastal
4. The arrival of emigration from the outside.
Since 1888 began arriving in the capital the first workers from Murcia.
2 .2
The economic trend
The first phase of the restoration coincided with a time of economic prosperity parallel to the second phase of the restoration industry in Europe.
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In the field
The economic trends of XIX century were particularly concentrated in the countryside. The specialization vitivinicola export oriented, conreo maintenance of oil and the introduction of beet as raw material for the manufacture of sugar, etc..
Wheat reduced and was no longer sufficient to meet the needs of the Spanish market. This helps maintain a good portion of the population in poverty.
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Industry
The industry sectors that received a big boost in this period was the iron and steel sector in Bizcaia and textiles in Catalonia.
The importance of blast furnaces or Falguera Malaga, however during the second half of the XXth century were created Altos Hornos de Bizcaia.
The creation of heavy industry in the Pais Basco was striking, since these industries around Europe used to be next to coal mines, and ore was consumed much more expensive than iron transport. In Spain pas backwards, echo that explains the benefits to the export of iron ore Europe.The accumulated capital enabled the acquisition of goods eam and smelting the modest transformation in Bilbao Pesante important industries located next to the iron mines.
In Catalonia continue climbing especially in Cotonera and wool industries, concentrated in Sabadell and Terrassa. During the early years of the Restoration all indicators aseñalaban the expansionist tendency Catalan textile sector. The tube Catalan industry struggled to make two factors that hindered the growth:
Lack of energy sources and the difficulty of finding markets.
During this period the Spanish population will increase, but at a slower pace than Europe. The explanation of the dephasing jacimientos Catalans The coal was insufficient and of poor quality and were endowed with some vias