Biology Core Concepts: Respiration, Photosynthesis, Cell Division
Biology Chapter 4: Cellular Respiration & Energy
Question 1: How many molecules of ATP (or the equivalent) are produced per each turn of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Answer: One
Question 2: What process makes bread dough rise?
Answer: Fermentation
Question 3: Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of glucose and used short-term to perform work from an ATP molecule.
Answer: Glucose: ATP
Question 4: The energy currency used by cells is ______.
Answer: ATP
Question 5: Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
Answer: They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze.
Question 6: Chemiosmosis involves:
Answer: The movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane.
Question 7: Which fermentation method can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
Answer: Lactic Acid Fermentation
Question 8: What process ensures enzymes are at the optimal pH to function best inside a cell?
Answer: Homeostasis
Question 9: The glucose that enters the glycolysis pathway is split into two molecules of _________.
Answer: Pyruvate
Question 10: Where in the eukaryotic cell does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
Answer: Mitochondrion
Question 11: Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation?
Answer: None of the above
Question 12: The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point?
Answer: Acetyl CoA
Question 13: Beta oxidation is ________.
Answer: The breakdown of fatty acids
Question 14: What do electrons added to NAD+ do?
Answer: They go to another pathway for ATP production.
Biology Chapter 5: Photosynthesis Fundamentals
Question 1: Where in eukaryotic cells does photosynthesis occur?
Answer: Chloroplast
Question 2: What two products result from photosynthesis?
Answer: Glucose and Oxygen
Question 3: Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct?
Answer: Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes.
Question 4: From where does a heterotroph directly obtain its energy?
Answer: Eating other organisms
Question 5: What is the energy of a photon first used for in photosynthesis?
Answer: Energize an electron
Question 6: Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis?
Answer: Chlorophyll
Question 7: Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?
Answer: Splitting water molecules
Question 8: Which color(s) of light does chlorophyll a reflect?
Answer: Green
Question 9: Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place?
Answer: Stroma
Question 10: Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation?
Answer: The conversion of CO2 to an organic compound
Question 11: What molecule leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose?
Answer: G3P
Question 12: In summary, it takes ______ turns of the Calvin cycle to fix _______ carbon atoms from CO2 to produce one molecule of glucose.
Answer: 6; 6
Biology Chapter 6: Cell Cycle & Mitosis
Question 1: A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) ________.
Answer: Proto-Oncogene
Question 2: The individual chromosomes become visible with a light microscope during which stage of mitosis?
Answer: Prophase
Question 3: Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?
Answer: Anaphase
Question 4: A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
Answer: Twice
Question 5: The separation of the cytoplasm of a cell during cell division is known as:
Answer: Cytokinesis
Question 6: FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a ________ that will eventually form the new cell walls of the daughter cells of the prokaryotic cell.
Answer: Septum
Question 7: Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?
Answer: S Phase
Question 8: Inhibitors of microtubule synthesis inhibit mitosis by preventing the formation and function of the:
Answer: Spindle
Question 9: An organism’s traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________.
Answer: Genes
Question 10: Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission?
Answer: Mitosis
Question 11: Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis?
Answer: The kinetochore becomes attached to mitotic spindle. Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate. The kinetochore breaks apart and the sister chromatids separate. The nucleus re-forms and the cell divides.
Question 12: What is necessary for a cell to pass the G2 checkpoint?
Answer: Accurate and complete DNA replication
Question 13: ___________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Answer: Gene mutations