Behaviorism vs. Traditionalism and Neorealism in International Relations
Behaviorism vs. Traditional Approach (liberalism and realism):
From the ’50s phenomenon x administrative interest. Public finance studies n d IRIB. No U.S. Funds contribution. New generation IRIB studies. Before they were humanists, s placed n the skin of people made decisions k x to explain it was d normative and moral. K is considered this was not serious and begins the behaviorist revolution.
Behaviorism: methodological revolution. Human Sciences = positive science. Are applying the positive sciences. They want to find the objective laws governing the IRIB k (ks find laws may apply n the situation). D brutal amounts accumulate data. The idea s to get a scientific answer.
Methodological behaviorism want change. K PBL was not as objective. If a human being a human being looks l observer can not discard his humanity xa d Monific not observed. S not known who won the debate. Let d be trying to make an exact science xo n s U.S. Takes x all. Realists and Liberals will be the introduction of the system and ks behaviorist assumption about x all. Outside U.S. Is not so successful but we are a time n k s talk d talk d IRIB USA.
Neoliberal vs. Neorealism:
Historical Context (GF)
s historical exception. Nlks strange time dimension d the phenomenon inter final system. Tbién decolonization there is a mass phenomenon (especially in Africa).
1. In the early 70’s the world map is sold and no colonies. S d game gets a unified field. The actors all play equally. These new actors imitating wesfalianos characteristics E = emergence of many new countries have the same char k. Xo are many diff. Over time. Xa playing capabilities are very diff.
2. Tbién is a unification of the field d military game. Nuclear weapon makes national security k d is seen differently. The advent of ballistic vectors (strategic nuclear weapons) changed everything. This allows countries to achieve distance k thing s never seen before. The field d s global battle. The weapons development d nuecleares muchso explains things. Surge dk CSQ does not make sense to start a war n t kl enemy can destroy.
3. The Soviet Union enters into peaceful coexistence. Acknowledge the adversary will star kl world divided and there are k live with the enemy. U.S. Gives rise to the MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction) mutually assured the answer: If I attack with nuclear weapons attacked with the same.
4. This explains the success of neo-realism: the balance of powers. The 2 s powers acknowledged. Core: U.S. – USSR. 1st Circle untouchable: EU – Central America. 2nd Circle (in ks create conflicts): Suburbs. In the periphery where the 2 sides s s fight territories. N the 1st circle is non-intervention in other conflicts.
Periphery: born with the process of decolonization and the emergence of new E. Ks countries are fighting the 2 sides.
5. Strange feeling for 40 years. Do not clear the situation of war and peace. There was war peace xo n the periphery. Sham peace. Balance of terror: 2 power units d trimmed warheads. Permanent escalation of the 2 countries. S arms race spending big echo.
6. Imp arms race change No 60 x the appearance d nuclear submarines (shoot submerged undetected, the adversary can not replicate). The crucial point:Cuba missile crisis 62: Moment NLK almost s nuclear war breaks out. Breached the non-interference rule and k d was n Cuaba Central America. CSQ: a / s under no circumstances can directly attack the other. B / k the 2 accepted each had a part of the world c / d established cooperation and communication links. D sidelined other players. They choose and then announce to the other E.
7. The rest of the world should play the game. Competition with great ideological. They can not live together: either one or the other. CSQ: world people accept kl xo sta divided nobody wants to accept the future of the world as a bipolar world.
8. Apa calm until the end of 70:
1 / appearance new political actor: political Islam (year 79) appearance of n Iraq Shia 2 / the Soviet decision to invade Afghanistan. Considerable Soviet defeat. Massive aid to the North American anti-Soviet resistance. 1st major conflict Afghanistan of Islam: radical Islamists all gather there xa s fight.
There are also 79 iIn the Soviet decision to install n d short-range U.S. Missiles Euromissiles Crisis. U.S. Deploys tbién n All.
CSQ:
x s 1st time poses a limited war n EU (regrowth of the GF).
9. Reagan resets the country considers the peaceful acceptance k s useless. D Recovers aggressive war strategy. Throw the strategic defense initiative: he wants to build a missile shield. It was rebuilt unworkable xo xo any advantage a race was bad. USSR tries to counter this mandatory.
10. USSR s dk realize they can not continue. Enter n xk s economic crisis generated imbalances impractical. S dk Gorbachev realizes not work, does not work xo Perestroika: total failure.