barroco
2-WHAT DOES BAROQUE ADJECTIVE?
Meaning “Regularly shaped”. At first, the word in French was used mostly to refer pearls. Eventually, it came to describe an extravagant style of art characterized by curving lines, gilt and gelt.
3-MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF BAROQUE
a) What is a luthier?
Is a person who builds, adjust or repairs stringed an pulsed string instruments
b) Who was the most famous luthier?Amati, Stradivari and Guarnieri
c) Where did he come from?The italian city of Cremona
4- RELIGIOUS MUSIC:
a) Cantata:Is a simpler form composed by text or popular religious themes
b) Oratorio:Can be regarded as an opera with a religious theme but without stage performance. It’s longer than cantata. It has a narrator that tells the action.
c) Passion:Were intended to be performed in churches.
5- SECULAR MUSIC. THE OPERA.
Opera appeared in Florence, to resuscitate Greek classical theatre. The use of accompanied monody facilitates the main goal of opera. The opera is a compound vocal form with a narrative nature which makes use of stage performance
a) Type of popular opera
– Opera seria: Makes use of plots based on mythological an heroic topics written in italian. Favourite genre of aristocracy.
– Opera buffa: It makes use of plots based on daily life, with characters closer to the audience. It employed the main language of each country and replaced recitatives with dialogue passages
b) Typical Spanish version of the italian opera.
Zarzuela
6- MUSIC AND SOCIETY: DANCES OF BAROQUE PERIOD
a) Ballet de Court:
Was a danced theatrical play, which an instrumental “overture” an ended with a “grand ballet”, in which the king himself used to participate.
b) The Suite:
The suite is a compound instrumental form composed by a group of danced. All are written in the same key and usually respond to binary forms divided into two phrases or sections which are repeated
7- 4 FAMOUS COMPOSERS OF THIS PERIOD
Haendel, Antonio Vivaldi, Bach and Monteverdi.
8- TELL ME ABOUT “CASTRATI”
Were male singers castrated before puberty in order to avoid voice change. This allowed them to obtain an extraordinary technical virtuosity and vocal power. They became the main protagonist of the opera seria.
9- ANECDOTE: WOMEN IN MUSIC
Barbara Strozzi (1619-1677): Became a kapellmeister and published more works that many composers of her time. Most of her compositions are solo for voice and basso continuo.
2- KEY IDEAS ABOUT CLASSICISM AND MAIN MUSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Is the period that marked the transition from early modern period to the contemporary age. Musically, we delimit its chronology between the years 1730 and 1820 approx.
a) What does Enlightenment means?
Was a cultural movement favored by bourgeoisie and small nobility, which led to French Revolution which broke the power of absolute monarchies.
3- MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF CLASSICISM:
a) Woodwind single-reed instrument introduced in the orchestra of this period: Clarinet
b) Central plucked string instrument in Spanish music: Guitar
c) What is the main difference between clave and piano?
The piano permitted changes of volume with only changing the intensity of pulsation of the keys
d) The most important chamber ensemble is the:
The 2 violins: viola and cello.
4- MAIN INSTRUMENTAL MUSICAL FORMS
a) Composition scheme applied to the first movement of the great classical instrumental forms:
Exposition, Development, Recapitulation and coda.
d) A person who although he did not use a baton yet, he became necessary to coordinate orchestra musicians in all performing aspects:
The orchestra conductor, sometimes the composers are the orchestra conductor.
5- SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC. THE OPERA.
a) What are the parts of an opera?
Overture: Instrumental introduction
Sung parts: solist and choirs
Aria style: Expressive melodies
Recitative style: more agile action
Interludes: instrumental parts to link the other parts
c) Type of Italian opera which became the favourite genre during Classicism, simpler and more popular than the opera seria:Opera Buffa
d) What is a Zarzuela?Spanish composers try to fight the influence of italian by incorporating popular themes to the zarzuelas, in both plots and melodies
e) Name 2 famous operas of this period: The magic flute and the marriage of Figaro
6- MUSIC AND SOCIETY: DANCES
a) Ballet d’action is the conjunction of: Music, Choreography and stage
b) Social dance highly valued during the whole 18th century. Introduced as the usual third movement of the symphony, the sonata and chamber music:
7- NAME 3 FAMOUS COMPOSERS OF THIS PERIOD, CHOOSE ONE OF THEM AND EXPLAIN HIS BIOGRAPHY
Gluck, Boccherini and Mozart.
Mozart: He played music since 6, he was a genius of music, he wrote about 61 symphonies, he got married and only 2 of his sons survived, his death is a mystery
8- ANECDOTE. TELL ME ABOUT THE MYSTERIOUS “MOZART AND MASONS”
For his last 7 years of life, Mozart was a mason.
9- ANECDOTE: WOMEN IN MUSIC
Maria Anna Mozart, she is as his brother a music child prodigy, in that times, women weren’t recognised at anything, so she couldn’t continue her musical career