b
Type 2 diabetes, insulin produced no affect cells, type 1 no insulin is produce – exercise and careful control of diet | Liver tissue | glucose respiratory substrate, produce atp required to unbind globular myosin heads from actin-myosin cross-bridges so it can re-bind along the filament and contract again | student is wrong: % decrease in oxygen uptake is above 20% (people got between 35-45% ish) data not representative to validate hypothesis as one pregnant woman used – no show effect across whole pregnancy | photosynthetic pigments absorb diff ʎ of ???? and reflect what don’t absorb, photosynthesis accessory pigments absorb and reflect light in the photosystem – pigment chlorophyll – ????excites e-in Mg passing them along the electron transport chain | pigment C– Organism lives in water receives diff ʎ of ????, absorb blue ???? than normal organisms – need for diff pigments to max absorp of ????| Differences: Contains only 3 thylakoids stacked whereas normal has many thylakoids stacked called grana, contain no integranal llamellae whereas normal do + Possible normal has starch grains other didn’t | carbohydrates-1, protein-0.9, lipids-0.7 | Both glycogen and chitin have 6 membered ring, 1,4 glycosidic bonds – Differences- glycogen forms both 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds. Chitin just 1,4 glycosidic bonds, Glycogen is branched chitin is straight chaIned , Glycogen contains alpha glucose monomers, chitin contains different group on 2nd C | Adaptations of cellulose strong, unbranched chains, fibrous , water insoluble | Chemiosmosis – NADH transports H+ ions and e- to inner mitochondrial membrane. oxidised and reduces along the electron transport chain. Protons pumped across membrane , a concentration gradient builds , e- go through complexes, supplied by NAD and FAD, Through ATP synthase and producing ATP from ADP and Pi. O final e- acceptor. | area A shows the phospholipid bilayer hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail forms the phospholipid which creates the bilayer partially. membrane used to separate contents of organelles – compartmentalisation, Membrane used to form vesicles for enzymes, Increases surface area in mitochondria. | Potometer question: wanted to compare transpiration in 2 different species of plant, KeepC, light intensity and wind speed the same. Ensure both plants species healthy Set up potometer Allow plants 2 minutes to adjust Record initial position of bubble After certain length of time record new position of bubble Distant moved by bubble/ time taken = rate of transpiration Repeat and get average result | Beetroot 1. Assumption pigment release depends on permeability of membrane – place in diff concentrations of ethanol 2. when cut- wash beetroot 3. Assumption absorption related to pigment released- use colorimeter. Control:size of beetroot tubules ,Beetroot plant used ,Dry each beetroot pieces after washing ,Same Colorimeter – graph:No units given for conc of ethanol, bar graph No line of best fit .Average can be used to give more accurate representative results and remove any anomalies| 3 tissues: liver, Pancreatic, Muscle | neurotoxin:Accs as non comp inhibitor by changing tertiary structure of Na ion channels ,Na ions no enter axon and depolarise it to threshold -70mv ,Action potential no generate, Axon remain resting potential, Neurones will not transmit impulses ; stimuli not responded to | heart rate cause atrial fibrillation,SAN would still sending signal to AVN so atrial systole would continue, atrial systole would be occurring more frequently than ventricular systole causing an irregular heart beat | +142% | soda lime was not used as seedlings were photosynthesising and therefore would need to take up the CO2. at 1500lux = 0 so rate of photosynthesis = rate of respiration After 1500 +ve value for liquid moved so rate of photosynthesis; respiration as more O2 produced
Mistakes: CO2, Accelerator nerve not vagus, Adrenaline binds to the SAN not AVN, cardiac muscle not smooth, Chemoreceptors not Baroreceptors detect the change in pH of blood | Baby reflex– action of putting their arms out and back in rapidly would thrust the head forwards counteracting the lack of head support , Crying signifies to carer that baby is in distress so that carer can support the babies head, Response is rapid as reflex hence reducing risk of harm to babies neck. moro reflex is to grab hold of something to prevent falling |receptors in eye detect movement close to eye as stimuli
Sends impulse through sensory neurone to relay neurone and bypasses the brain
Impulse travels down motor neurone to effectors causing the eyelid to shut as an involuntary reflex response. It’s a cranial reflex it is not communicated down the spinal cord which gives a much faster response to a given stimulus.| Diaphragm: Can’t lower so pressure increases , therefore no concentration gradient from air outside to inside lungs therefore not enough intake