Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants: Properties and Traditional Uses

Posted on Sep 14, 2025 in Economic Sciences

1. Opium Poppy (*Papaver somniferum*)

Original ID
1
Therapeutic Action
Intoxicant (मदकारी)
Family
Papaveraceae
Synonyms
  • आफ़ूफ
  • ओपियम
English Name
Opium
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Morphine
  • Codeine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष), Subtle (सूक्ष्म), Pervasive (व्यवायी), Spreading (विकासी)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Cough suppressant (कासहर)
  • Tissue depleting (धातुशोषक)
  • Astringent (स्तंभन)
  • Impotence-inducing (पुरुषत्वनाशक)
Part Used
Exudate (निर्यास)
Dosage
30-125 mg
Formulations
Karpur Rasa, Ahifen Asava

2. Prickly Chaff Flower (*Achyranthes aspera*)

Original ID
5
Therapeutic Action
Liver Tonic (यकॄत्य)
Family
Amaranthaceae
Synonyms
  • शिखरी
  • अधशल्य
  • मयूरक
  • खरमंजरी
  • प्रत्यकपुष्पा
  • आघाट
  • चिङचिङा
  • लटजीरा
English Name
Prickly Chaff Flower
Plant Type
Shrub, 2 feet
Key Constituents
  • Potassium
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Purgative (सारक)
  • Emetic (वमन)
  • Benefits Kapha, Meda, Vata
  • Heart disease (ह्रद्रोग)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Itching (कण्डु)
  • Abdominal disorders (उदर)
  • Scrofula (अपची)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Leaf (पत्र), Grain (तण्डुल), Whole Plant (पंचांग)
Dosage
1-2 gm
Formulations
Apamarga Kshara, Apamarga Taila

3. Purging Cassia (*Cassia fistula*)

Original ID
6
Therapeutic Action
Anti-leprosy (कुष्ठघ्न)
Family
Leguminosae
Synonyms
  • राजवृक्ष
  • शम्पाक
  • कृतमाल
  • चतुरगुंल
  • दीर्घफल
  • स्वर्णभूषण
English Name
Purging Cassia
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Sugar
  • Pectin
  • Gluten
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Soft (मृदु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Fever (ज्वर)
  • Heart disease (ह्रद्रोग)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त)
  • Upward moving Vata (उदावर्त)
  • Constipation (विबन्ध)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
Part Used
Fruit Pulp (फल मज्जा)
Dosage
5-10 gm
Formulations
Aragvadha-adi Taila, Leha, Arishta

4. Arjuna Tree (*Terminalia arjuna*)

Original ID
8
Therapeutic Action
Cardiac Tonic (हॄद्य)
Family
Combretaceae
Synonyms
  • धवल
  • ककुभ
  • वीरवृक्ष
  • नदीसर्ज
  • इन्द्र्दु
English Name
Arjuna
Plant Type
Tree, 60 feet
Key Constituents
  • Arjunetin
  • Tannin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Cardiac tonic (हृद्य)
  • Wounds (क्षत)
  • Emaciation (क्षय)
  • Obesity (मेद)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Ulcers (व्रण)
  • Diabetic carbuncles (प्रमेह पिडिका)
  • Balances Kapha and Pitta (कफपित्तहर)
Part Used
Bark (त्वक)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
Arjunarishta, Arjuna Ghrita

5. Indian Aconite (*Aconitum heterophyllum*)

Original ID
13
Therapeutic Action
Appetizer (दीपन)
Family
Ranunculaceae
Synonyms
  • भंगुरा
  • शुक्ल्कन्दा
  • घुणवल्लभा
  • काश्मीरा
  • शिशुभैषज्या
English Name
Indian Atees
Plant Type
Shrub, 3 feet
Key Constituents
  • Atisine
  • Hetisine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Pungent (कटु)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Digestive (पाचक)
  • Appetizer (अग्निदीपक)
  • Absorbent (ग्राही)
  • Antipyretic (ज्वरहर)
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (संग्रहणी)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Emetic (वमन)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Tuber (कन्द)
Dosage
1-3 gm
Formulations
Ativishadi Churna, Balachaturbhadra

6. Psoralea Seed (*Psoralia corylifolia*)

Original ID
14
Therapeutic Action
Anti-leprosy (कुष्ठघ्न)
Family
Leguminosae
Synonyms
  • कृष्णफला
  • कुष्ठघ्नी
  • पूतिफली
English Name
Psoralea Seed
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Psoralin
  • Fixed oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Anthelmintic (कृमिघ्न)
  • Skin disorder remedy (त्वकदोषहर)
  • Wound healing (व्रणरोपण)
  • Vitiligo (श्वित्र)
  • Leprosy (कुष्ठ)
  • Psoriasis (सोरायसिस)
  • Laxative (विबन्धहर)
Part Used
Seed (बीज), Oil (तैल)
Dosage
1-3 Gm
Formulations
Bakuchi Churna, Bakuchi Taila

7. Marking Nut Tree (*Semecarpus anacardium*)

Original ID
17
Therapeutic Action
Anti-leprosy (कुष्ठघ्न)
Family
Anacardiaceae
Synonyms
  • अरुष्कर
  • अग्नि
  • शोफकृत
  • अग्निमुख
English Name
Marking Nut
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Semicarpol
  • Bhilawanol
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Aphrodisiac (शुक्रल)
  • Abdominal diseases (उदररोग)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Malabsorption (ग्रहणी)
  • Vitiligo (श्वित्र)
  • Indigestion (अग्निमांद्य)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Balances Vata and Kapha (वातकफहर)
  • Laxative (विबन्धहर)
Part Used
Fruit (फल), Seed (बीज)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
Amritabhallataka, Tilarushkarayoga

8. Bael Tree (*Aegle marmelos*)

Original ID
20
Therapeutic Action
Absorbent (ग्राही)
Family
Rutaceae
Synonyms
  • श्रीफल
  • शोण्डिल्य
  • शैलूष
  • मालूर
  • गन्धगर्भ
  • सदाफल
  • महाकपित्थ
  • ग्रन्थिल
  • बेल
English Name
Bael
Plant Type
Tree, 25 feet
Key Constituents
  • Mucilage
  • Pectin
  • Sugar
  • Marmelosin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Unripe fruit is absorbent (अपक्व-ग्राही)
  • Digestive stimulant (अग्निवर्धक)
  • Pitta-increasing (पित्तकारक)
  • Kapha-destroying (कफनाशक)
  • Strengthening (बलकारक)
  • Intestinal strengthening (आन्त्रबलकारक)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Bark (त्वक), Fruit (फल), Leaf (पत्र)
Dosage
3-6 gm
Formulations
Bilva Panchaka Kwatha, Bilvadi Churna, Bilva Taila

9. Indian Pennywort (*Bacopa monnieri*)

Original ID
21
Therapeutic Action
Brain Tonic (मेध्य)
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Synonyms
  • ऎन्द्री
  • जलनीम
English Name
Indian Pennywort
Plant Type
Prostrate Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Brahmin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Longevity-promoting (आयुष्या)
  • Rejuvenating (रसायनी)
  • Voice-improving (स्वर्या)
  • Memory-enhancing (स्मृतिप्रदा)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Anemia (पाण्डु)
  • Diabetes (मेह)
  • Blood disorders (रक्त)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Fever (ज्वरहर)
Part Used
Whole Plant (पंचांग)
Dosage
10-20 ml
Formulations
Brahmi Panaka

10. False Daisy (*Eclipta alba*)

Original ID
22
Therapeutic Action
Hair Tonic (केश्य)
Family
Compositae
Synonyms
  • मार्कव
  • केशराज
  • केशरंजन
English Name
False Daisy
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Ecliptine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Hair tonic (केश्य)
  • Rejuvenating (रसायन)
  • Skin tonic (त्वच्य)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Anemia (पाण्डु)
  • Dental diseases (दन्तरोग)
  • Strengthening (बल्य)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Head disorders (शिरोरोगहर)
Part Used
Whole Plant (पंचांग)
Dosage
5-10 ml
Formulations
Bhringaraja Taila, Shadbindu Taila

11. Sandalwood (*Santalum album*)

Original ID
24
Therapeutic Action
Cooling (दाहप्रशमन)
Family
Santalaceae
Synonyms
  • श्रीखण्ड
  • गन्धसार
  • मलयज
English Name
Sandalwood
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Santalol
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Cooling (आह्लादितकर)
  • Emaciation (शोष)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Balances Kapha, Pitta, Blood disorders (श्लेष्मा, पित्त, रक्त)
  • Burning sensation (दाहहर)
Part Used
Heartwood (काण्डसार), Exudate (निर्यास)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
Chandanadi Churna, Vati, Chandanasava

12. Red Sanders (*Pterocarpus santalinus*)

Original ID
24
Therapeutic Action
Cooling (दाहप्रशमन)
Family
Papilionatae
Synonyms
  • लालचन्दन
English Name
Red Sanders
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Pterocarpin
  • Santalin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Thirst (तृष्णा)
  • Eye diseases (नेत्ररोग)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Vomiting (वमन)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त)
  • Fever (ज्वरहर)
Part Used
Heartwood (काण्डसार)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
None listed

13. Leadwort (*Plumbago zeylanica*)

Original ID
25
Therapeutic Action
Appetizer (दीपन)
Family
Plumbaginaceae
Synonyms
  • अग्नि
English Name
Leadwort
Plant Type
Shrub, 4 feet
Key Constituents
  • Plumbagin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Absorbent (ग्राही)
  • Malabsorption (ग्रहणी)
  • Indigestion (मन्दाग्नि)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Balances Vata and Kapha (वातकफहर)
  • Rheumatism (आमवात)
Part Used
Root Bark (मूलत्वक)
Dosage
1-2 gm
Formulations
Chitrakadi Vati, Chitrak Haritaki

14. Fire Flame Bush (*Woodfordia fruticosa*)

Original ID
30
Therapeutic Action
Astringent (स्तम्भन)
Family
Lythraceae
Synonyms
  • धातुपुष्पी
  • वह्निज्वाला
  • धाय
English Name
Fire Flame Bush
Plant Type
Shrub, 10 feet
Key Constituents
  • Lawsone
  • Tannin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Thirst (तृष्णा)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Pitta-destroying (पित्तनाशक)
  • Diarrhea (अतिसार)
  • Leucorrhea (प्रदर)
  • Dysentery (प्रवाहिका)
  • Used for fermentation in Asava/Arishta (आसवारिष्ट में किण्वोत्पति)
Part Used
Flower (पुष्प)
Dosage
1-3 gm
Formulations
Dhatakyadi Churna, Dhatakyadi Taila

15. Lesser Cardamom (*Elettaria cardamomum*)

Original ID
33
Therapeutic Action
Cooling (दाहप्रशमन)
Family
Zingiberaceae
Synonyms
  • त्रिपुटा
  • त्रुटि
  • द्रावङी
  • सूक्ष्मैला
  • इलायची
English Name
Lesser Cardamom
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Potassium (K)
  • Manganese (Mn)
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Kapha
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Dysuria (मूत्रकृच्छ्र)
  • Mouth freshener (मुखगन्धहर)
Part Used
Seed (बीज)
Dosage
0.5-1 gm
Formulations
Eladi Churna, Gutika, Modaka, Kwatha, Arishta

16. Castor Bean Plant (*Ricinus communis*)

Original ID
34
Therapeutic Action
Analgesic (वेदनास्थापन)
Family
Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
  • गन्घर्वहस्त
  • व्याघ्रपुच्छ
  • पंचागुल
English Name
Castor
Plant Type
Small Tree
Key Constituents
  • Ricin (Poisonous)
Ayurvedic Qualities
Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण), Subtle (सूक्ष्म)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर), Pungent (कटु), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Vata-alleviating (वातघ्न)
  • Kapha
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Dysuria (मुत्रकृच्छ्र)
  • Abdominal lump (गुल्म)
  • Bladder pain (बस्तिशूलहरं)
  • Liver (यकृत)
  • Spleen (प्लीहा)
  • Abdominal disorders (उदर)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Constipation (विबन्ध)
  • Rheumatism (आमवातहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Leaf (पत्र), Seed (बीज)
Dosage
20 gm
Formulations
Eranda Paka, Eranda Taila

17. Puncture Vine (*Tribulus terrestris*)

Original ID
36
Therapeutic Action
Diuretic (मूत्रविरेचनीय)
Family
Zygophyllaceae
Synonyms
  • स्वादुकण्टक
  • श्वदंष्ट्रा
  • त्रिकण्टक
  • चणद्रुम
  • वनश्रृंगाट
  • इक्षुगन्धिका
  • गोखरु
English Name
Puncture Vine
Plant Type
Prostrate Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Harmine
  • Nitrate
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Bladder cleansing (बस्तिशोधन)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Lithotriptic (अश्मरीहर)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Dysuria (मूत्रकृच्छ्र)
  • Heart disease (हृद्रोग)
  • Nocturnal emission (स्वप्नदोष)
  • Vata-alleviating (वातहर)
Part Used
Fruit (फल)
Dosage
1-3 gm
Formulations
Gokshuradi Churna, Avaleh, Guggulu, Kwatha, Dashmularishta

18. Giloy (*Tinospora cordifolia*)

Original ID
37
Therapeutic Action
Rejuvenator (रसायन)
Family
Menispermaceae
Synonyms
  • मधुपर्णी
  • अमृता
  • छिन्नरुहा
  • वत्सादनी
  • तन्त्रिका
  • कुण्डलनी
  • चक्रलक्षणिका
  • गिलोय
English Name
Giloy
Plant Type
Climber
Key Constituents
  • Giloin
  • Berberine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Bone fracture healing (भग्नसंधान)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Voice-improving (स्वर्य)
  • Rejuvenating (रसायन)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (आमवातग्रन्थिहर)
  • Kapha-wounds (कफव्रण)
  • Scrofula (अपचीहर)
  • Reduces old fat (पुराण मेदोहर)
Part Used
Stem (काण्ड)
Dosage
3-6 gm
Formulations
Amritarishta, Guduchyadi Churna, Satva, Kwatha, Lauha, Taila

19. Turmeric (*Curcuma longa*)

Original ID
39
Therapeutic Action
Anti-leprosy (कुष्ठघ्न)
Family
Zingiberaceae
Synonyms
  • कांचनी
  • कृमिघ्ना
  • निशा
  • गौरी
  • योषितप्रिया
English Name
Turmeric
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Curcumin
  • Vitamin A
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Pungent (कटु)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Complexion-improving (वर्ण्या)
  • Skin disorders (त्वग्दोष)
  • Diabetes (मेह)
  • Blood disorders (रक्तविकार)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Anemia (पाण्डू)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Pitta
  • Cough (कास)
  • Bone fractures (अस्थिभग्न)
Part Used
Rhizome (कन्द)
Dosage
Not specified
Formulations
Haridrakhanda

20. Spikenard (*Nardostachys jatamansi*)

Original ID
43
Therapeutic Action
Nervine Tonic (संज्ञास्थापन)
Family
Valerianaceae
Synonyms
  • भूतजटा
  • तपस्वनी
  • सुलोमशा
English Name
Spikenard
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Volatile oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Brain tonic (मेध्य)
  • Complexion-improving (वर्ण्य)
  • Strengthening (बल्य)
  • Balances all three Doshas (त्रिदोषहर)
  • Burning sensation (दाह)
  • Erysipelas (विसर्प)
  • Skin disease-destroying (कुष्ठनाशक)
  • Balances blood flow (रक्तप्रवाह सन्तुलित)
Part Used
Root (मूल)
Dosage
2-4 Gm
Formulations
Mansyadi Kwatha

21. Staff Tree (*Celastrus paniculatus*)

Original ID
46
Therapeutic Action
Brain Tonic (मेध्य)
Family
Celastraceae
Synonyms
  • पारावतपदी
  • काकाण्डी
  • पीततैला
English Name
Staff Tree
Plant Type
Climber
Key Constituents
  • Celastrine
  • Panniculatine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Very Hot (अति Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Emetic (वामक)
  • Enhances intellect, digestive fire, memory (मेधा-जठराग्नि-स्मरणशक्ति वर्धक)
  • Vata disorders (वातविकार)
  • Rheumatism (आमवात)
  • Migraine (माईग्रेन)
Part Used
Seed (बीज), Oil (तैल)
Dosage
5-10 drops
Formulations
Jyotishmati Taila

22. Kachnar (*Bauhinia variegata*)

Original ID
49
Therapeutic Action
Anti-glandular swelling (गण्डमालानाशन)
Family
Leguminosae
Synonyms
  • गण्डारि
  • चमरिक
  • युग्मपत्रक
  • कर्बुदार
  • स्वल्पकेशरी
English Name
Kachnar
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Tannin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Absorbent (ग्राही)
  • Balances Kapha and Pitta (कफपित्तहर)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Rectal prolapse (गुदभृंश)
  • Scrofula (गण्डमाला)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Leucorrhea (प्रदर)
  • Emaciation (क्षय)
  • Cough (कासहर)
Part Used
Bark (त्वक), Flower (पुष्प)
Dosage
3-6 gm
Formulations
Kanchanar Guggulu

23. Picrorhiza (*Picrorhiza kurroa*)

Original ID
54
Therapeutic Action
Pitta Purgative (पित्तविरेचन)
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Synonyms
  • तिक्ता
  • कटुरोहणी
  • काण्डरुहा
  • मत्स्यशकला
  • चक्रांगी
  • कृष्णभेदा
  • शतपर्वा
  • कुटकी
English Name
Picrorhiza
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Picrorhizin
  • Kutkin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Purgative (भेदनी)
  • Appetizer (दीपनी)
  • Cardiac tonic (हृद्य)
  • Fever due to Kapha-Pitta (कफपित्तज्वरहर)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Burning sensation (दाह)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Rhizome (भौमिक काण्ड)
Dosage
0.5-1 gm
Formulations
Arogyavardhini, Tiktadi Kwatha

24. Cutch Tree (*Acacia catechu*)

Original ID
55
Therapeutic Action
Anti-leprosy (कुष्ठघ्न)
Family
Leguminosae
Synonyms
  • रक्तसार
  • दन्तधावन
  • बालपत्र
  • कण्टकी
English Name
Cutch Tree
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Catechin
  • Tannin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Kapha-Pitta
  • Cough (कास)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Vitiligo (श्वित्र)
  • Antipyretic (ज्वरघ्न)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्तहर)
Part Used
Bark (त्वक), Heartwood (सार)
Dosage
1-3 Gm
Formulations
Khadiradi Vati, Churna, Arishta, Kwatha

25. Indian Aloe (*Aloe vera*)

Original ID
57
Therapeutic Action
Pitta Purgative (पित्तविरेचन)
Family
Liliaceae
Synonyms
  • गृहकन्या
  • घृतकुमारी
  • ग्वारपाठा
English Name
Indian Aloe
Plant Type
Shrub, 2 feet
Key Constituents
  • Aloin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Slimy (पिच्छिल)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Strengthening (बल्य)
  • Anti-Vata poison (वातविषहर)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Ocular tonic (चक्षुष्य)
  • Rejuvenating (रसायन)
  • Abdominal lump (गुल्म)
  • Spleen (प्लीहा)
  • Liver (यकृत)
  • Glandular swelling (ग्रन्थि)
  • Burns (अग्निदग्ध)
  • Purgative (रेचनी)
  • Amenorrhea (अनार्तव)
Part Used
Leaf (पत्र), Aloes (एलुवा)
Dosage
0.1-0.2 gm
Formulations
Kumaryasava, Kumarika Vati, Rajahpravartani Vati, Kumarika Paka

26. Clove Tree (*Syzygium aromaticum*)

Original ID
61
Therapeutic Action
Expectorant (छेदन)
Family
Myrtaceae
Synonyms
  • देवकुसम
  • श्रीप्रसून
  • चन्दनपुष्पक
  • वारिज
English Name
Clove
Plant Type
Tree, 30 feet
Key Constituents
  • Vitamins
  • Volatile oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Pungent (कटु)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Ocular tonic (चक्षुष्य)
  • Kapha-Pitta pacifying (कफपित्तशामक)
  • Thirst (तृष्णा)
  • Vomiting (छर्दि)
  • Abdominal distension (आध्मान)
  • Pain (शूलहर)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Hiccups (हिक्का)
  • Emaciation (क्षय)
  • Hyperacidity (अम्लपित्तहर)
  • Toothache (दन्तपीङाहर)
Part Used
Flower Bud (पुष्पकलिका)
Dosage
1 gm
Formulations
Avipattikar Churna

27. Emetic Nut Tree (*Randia spinosa*)

Original ID
64
Therapeutic Action
Emetic (वमन)
Family
Rubiaceae
Synonyms
  • छर्दन
  • पिण्डी
  • शल्यक
  • विषपुष्पक
  • मैनफल
English Name
Emetic Nut
Plant Type
Tree, 25 feet
Key Constituents
  • Saponin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय), Sweet (मधुर), Bitter (तिक्त), Pungent (कटु)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Scraping (लेखन)
  • Emetic (वामक)
  • Abscess-healing (विद्रधिहर)
  • Cold (प्रतिश्याय)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Kapha
  • Abdominal distension (आनाह)
  • Abdominal lump (गुल्म)
Part Used
Fruit (फल)
Dosage
1-2 gm
Formulations
133 Yoga Ch. Ka. 1

28. Indian Madder (*Rubia cordifolia*)

Original ID
65
Therapeutic Action
Blood Purifier (रक्तप्रसाधन)
Family
Rubiaceae
Synonyms
  • विकसा
  • योजनवल्ली
  • मंजीठ
English Name
Indian Madder
Plant Type
Climber
Key Constituents
  • Manjistin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Improves complexion and voice (स्वरवर्णकर)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Kapha
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Gynecological disorders (योनिरोग)
  • Ear diseases (कर्णरोग)
  • Blood disorders (रक्तदोष)
  • Erysipelas (विसर्प)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेहहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल)
Dosage
1-3 Gm
Formulations
Manjishthadi Churna, Kwatha

29. Mesua Tree (*Mesua ferrea*)

Original ID
70
Therapeutic Action
Hemostatic (रक्तस्तम्भन)
Family
Guttiferae
Synonyms
  • नागपुष्प
  • चाम्पेय
  • नागचम्पा
  • पीलानागकेशर
English Name
Mesua
Plant Type
Medium Tree
Key Constituents
  • Mesuol
  • Oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Slightly Hot (कोष्ण)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Digestion of Ama (आमपाचन)
  • Fever (ज्वर)
  • Itching (कण्डू)
  • Sweating (स्वेद)
  • Vomiting (छर्दि)
  • Nausea (ह्रल्लास)
  • Bad odor (दुर्गन्ध)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Erysipelas (वीसर्प)
  • Pitta
  • Poison (विष)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त-प्रदर-अतिसार-अर्श)
Part Used
Stamens (पुंकेशर)
Dosage
1-3 Gm
Formulations
Nagakeshara Churna, Pushyanuga Churna

30. Five-Leaved Chaste Tree (*Vitex negundo*)

Original ID
72
Therapeutic Action
Analgesic (वेदनास्थापन)
Family
Verbenaceae
Synonyms
  • सम्हालू
  • सिन्दुवार
  • हरेणुका
English Name
Five-Leaved Chaste
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Volatile oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Hair tonic (केश्य)
  • Good for eyes (नेत्रहित)
  • Pain (शूल)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Rheumatism (आमवात)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Anorexia (अरुचि)
  • Fever (ज्वर)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Leaf (पत्र), Seed (बीज)
Dosage
1-3 Gm
Formulations
Nirgundi Kalka, Nirgundi Taila

31. Stone Breaker (*Bergenia ligulata*)

Original ID
75
Therapeutic Action
Lithotriptic (अश्मरी भेदन)
Family
Saxifragaceae
Synonyms
  • अश्मघ्न
English Name
Stone Breaker
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Tannic acid
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Bladder cleansing (बस्तिशोधक)
  • Lithotriptic (भेदक)
  • Abdominal lump (गुल्म)
  • Kidney stones (पथरी)
  • Heart disease (हृद्रोग)
  • Gynecological disorders (योनिरोग)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Spleen (प्लीहा)
  • Pain (शूल)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
Part Used
Root (मूल)
Dosage
3-6 gm
Formulations
Pashanabhedadi Kwatha, Churna

32. Long Pepper (*Piper longum*)

Original ID
78
Therapeutic Action
Cough Suppressant (कासहर)
Family
Piperaceae
Synonyms
  • मागधी
  • वैदही
  • कृष्णा
  • कणा
  • चपला
  • तीक्ष्णतण्डुला
  • उषणा
  • शोण्डी
  • कोला
English Name
Long Pepper
Plant Type
Climber
Key Constituents
  • Piperine
  • Volatile oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Not Hot (अनुष्ण)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Abdominal lump (गुल्म)
  • Piles (अर्श)
  • Reduces fat and Kapha (मेदकफहर)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Brain tonic (मेध्य)
  • With jaggery – digestive stimulant (गुङयुक्त-अग्निवर्धक)
  • Chronic fever (जीर्णज्वर)
Part Used
Fruit (फल), Root (मूल)
Dosage
1.5-1 gm
Formulations
Gudapippali, Pippalyasava

33. Spreading Hogweed (*Boerhavia diffusa*)

Original ID
79
Therapeutic Action
Diuretic (मूत्रविरेचनीय)
Family
Nyctaginaceae
Synonyms
  • पुनर्नवा
  • शोथघ्नी
  • वर्षाभू
  • गदहपुरना
English Name
Spreading Hogweed
Plant Type
Prostrate Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Potassium (K)
  • Nitrate
  • Sulfate
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर), Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Astringent (संग्राही)
  • Blood-increasing (रक्तवर्धक)
  • Abdominal diseases (उदररोग)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Digestive stimulant (अग्निदीपक)
  • Hernia (ब्रघ्न)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Anemia (पाण्डुहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Seed (बीज), Whole Plant (पंचांग)
Dosage
1-3 gm
Formulations
Punarnavashtaka, Asava, Dimandura

34. Indian Olibanum Tree (*Boswellia serrata*)

Original ID
83
Therapeutic Action
Stool Binding (पुरीषविरजनीय)
Family
Burseraceae
Synonyms
  • सुस्रवा
  • गजभक्ष्या
  • सलई
  • कुन्दुरू
English Name
Indian Olibanum Tree
Plant Type
Tree
Key Constituents
  • Oleo-resin gum
  • Boswellia oil
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष)
Taste (Rasa)
Astringent (कषाय), Bitter (तिक्त), Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Pitta
  • Kapha
  • Diarrhea-alleviating (अतिसारहर)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त)
  • Wounds (व्रणहर)
  • Nutritive (पुष्टिकर)
  • Piles-alleviating (अर्शहर)
Part Used
Exudate (निर्यास)
Dosage
1-3 gm
Formulations
None listed

35. Silk Cotton Tree (*Salmalia malabarica*)

Original ID
88
Therapeutic Action
Stool Binding (पुरीषविरजनीय)
Family
Bombacaceae
Synonyms
  • मोचा
  • पिच्छिल
  • रक्तपुष्प
  • स्थिरायु
  • कंटकाढ्य
  • तुलिनी
  • सेमल
English Name
Silk Cotton Tree
Plant Type
Tree, 125 feet
Key Constituents
  • Tannic acid
  • Gallic acid
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध), Slimy (पिच्छिल)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Rejuvenating (रसायन)
  • Gout (वातरक्त)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त)
  • Astringent (संग्राही)
  • Aphrodisiac (वृष्य)
  • Nutritive (पौष्टिक)
  • Acne-healing (युवानपिडिकाहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल), Flower (पुष्प), Fruit (फल), Exudate (निर्यास)
Dosage
3-6 gm
Formulations
Shalmalighrita

36. Asparagus (*Asparagus racemosus*)

Original ID
90
Therapeutic Action
Aphrodisiac (वॄष्य)
Family
Liliaceae
Synonyms
  • बहुशुता
  • शतवीर्या
  • शतमूली
  • अतिरसा
English Name
Asparagus
Plant Type
Climber
Key Constituents
  • Saponin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर), Bitter (तिक्त)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Rejuvenating (रसायन)
  • Brain tonic (मेध्य)
  • Digestive stimulant (अग्निवर्धक)
  • Nutritive (पुष्टिदायक)
  • Lactation-promoting (स्तन्यवर्धक)
  • Spermatogenic (शुक्रवर्धक)
  • Ocular tonic (चक्षुष्य)
  • Balances Vata and Pitta (वातपित्तहर)
  • Anti-inflammatory (शोथहर)
Part Used
Tuber (कन्द)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
Shatavari Ghrita, Narayana Taila, Vishnu Taila

37. Malabar Nut Tree (*Adhatoda vasica*)

Original ID
103
Therapeutic Action
Expectorant (छेदन)
Family
Acanthaceae
Synonyms
  • सिंहास्य
  • वाजिदन्त
  • आटरुषक
English Name
Malabar Nut
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Adhatodic acid
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Light (लघु)
Taste (Rasa)
Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Cardiac tonic (हृद्य)
  • Cough (कास)
  • Asthma (श्वास)
  • Bleeding disorders (रक्तपित्त)
  • Fever (ज्वर)
  • Diabetes (प्रमेह)
  • Skin diseases (कुष्ठ)
  • Emaciation (क्षयहर)
  • Anthelmintic (कृमिघ्न)
Part Used
Leaf (पत्र), Root (मूल), Flower (पुष्प)
Dosage
10-20 gm
Formulations
Vasarishta

38. Monk’s Hood (*Aconitum ferox*)

Original ID
105
Therapeutic Action
Diaphoretic (स्वेद जनन)
Family
Ranunculaceae
Synonyms
  • अमृत
  • विष
  • मीठाविष
English Name
Monk’s Hood
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Aconitine
  • Pseudoaconitine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Dry (रूक्ष), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण), Light (लघु), Pervasive (व्यवायी), Spreading (विकासी)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Antipyretic (ज्वरघ्न)
  • Diaphoretic (स्वेदजनन)
  • Cardiac stimulant (हृदयोत्तेजक)
  • Analgesic (पीङाशामक)
  • Anti-inflammatory (शोथहर)
  • Balances Kapha and Vata (कफवातहर)
  • Strengthening (बल्य)
  • Indigestion (अग्निमांद्य)
  • Malabsorption (ग्रहणी)
  • Diarrhea (अतिसारहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल)
Dosage
15 mg
Formulations
Anandabhairava Rasa, Ramabana, Kaphaketu

39. False Black Pepper (*Embelia ribes*)

Original ID
107
Therapeutic Action
Anthelmintic (कॄमिघ्न)
Family
Myrsinaceae
Synonyms
  • कृमिघ्न
  • चित्रतण्डुल
  • वायविडंग
English Name
False Black Pepper
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Embelin
  • Christembine
Ayurvedic Qualities
Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष), Sharp (तीक्ष्ण)
Taste (Rasa)
Pungent (कटु), Astringent (कषाय)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Pungent (कटु)
Potency (Virya)
Hot (Ushna)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Indigestion (अग्निमांद्य)
  • Pain (शूल)
  • Abdominal distension (आध्मान)
  • Abdominal disorders (उदर)
  • Worms (कृमि)
  • Vata
  • Constipation (विबन्धहर)
Part Used
Fruit (फल)
Dosage
5-10 gm
Formulations
Vidangadi Churna, Lauha, Taila

40. Licorice (*Glycyrrhiza glabra*)

Original ID
108
Therapeutic Action
Expectorant (छेदन)
Family
Papilionatae
Synonyms
  • मधुक
  • क्लीतक
  • मधुयष्ठी
English Name
Licorice
Plant Type
Shrub
Key Constituents
  • Glycyrrhizin
Ayurvedic Qualities
Heavy (गुरु), Unctuous (स्निग्ध)
Taste (Rasa)
Sweet (मधुर)
Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
Sweet (मधुर)
Potency (Virya)
Cold (Sheeta)
Therapeutic Uses
  • Ocular tonic (चक्षुष्य)
  • Improves strength and complexion (बलवर्णकर)
  • Aphrodisiac (शुक्रल)
  • Hair tonic (केश्य)
  • Voice-improving (स्वर्या)
  • Conquers Pitta, Vata, Blood disorders (पित्तवातरक्तजित)
  • Wounds (व्रण)
  • Swelling (शोथ)
  • Poison (विष)
  • Vomiting (छर्दि)
  • Hyperacidity (अम्लक्षयहर)
Part Used
Root (मूल)
Dosage
3-6 Gm
Formulations
Yashtyadi Churna, Kwatha