Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Uses, Side Effects, and Physical Therapy Interaction

Posted on Oct 17, 2025 in Medicine & Health

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Definition, Uses, and Risks

This document defines anti-inflammatory drugs, details their uses, outlines potential side effects, and discusses their crucial interaction with physical therapy protocols.

Definition of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Anti-inflammatory drugs are medications designed to reduce inflammation, which is the body’s natural response to injury or infection. Inflammation often causes redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. These drugs help relieve symptoms associated with inflammation, such as pain and swelling.

Types of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

  1. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):

    • Examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Aspirin
    • Action: Block cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that produce prostaglandins (which promote inflammation and pain).

  2. Corticosteroids:

    • Examples: Prednisone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone
    • Action: Mimic cortisol (a hormone from the adrenal glands), suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation.

Common Uses of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for:

  • Musculoskeletal pain (e.g., arthritis, sprains, back pain)
  • Autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)
  • Post-operative inflammation
  • Sports injuries
  • Chronic conditions (e.g., asthma, inflammatory bowel disease in the case of corticosteroids)

Potential Side Effects

1. NSAIDs Side Effects:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) issues: stomach pain, ulcers, bleeding
  • Kidney damage (with long-term use)
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Heart risks (especially with long-term use of some types)
  • Allergic reactions

2. Corticosteroid Side Effects:

  • Weight gain
  • Increased blood sugar
  • Osteoporosis
  • Mood swings or insomnia
  • Increased infection risk
  • Muscle weakness (with prolonged use)

Interaction with Physical Therapy

Positive Interactions:

  • Pain Relief: Helps patients tolerate therapeutic exercises by reducing pain and swelling.
  • Improved Mobility: By reducing inflammation, patients can perform a greater range of motion during therapy.
  • Faster Rehabilitation: Reducing acute symptoms can help start physical therapy earlier.

Caution and Considerations:

  • Masking Symptoms: Pain relief may lead to overuse or reinjury if the underlying issue isn’t resolved.
  • Tissue Healing: Some studies suggest NSAIDs may impair tendon or muscle healing if used excessively.
  • Steroid Use: Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to muscle wasting, requiring modified exercise programs.

Physical Therapy Adjustments:

  • Monitoring for bruising or weakened tissues
  • Avoiding high-impact or aggressive stretching in patients on long-term corticosteroids
  • Educating patients on timing of medication (e.g., before PT to increase comfort, or after to manage post-exercise soreness)

Summary and Clinical Importance

Anti-inflammatory drugs are essential in managing inflammation and pain, especially in musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions. While they can greatly assist physical therapy by improving comfort and mobility, they must be used carefully due to potential side effects and their impact on healing. Collaboration between medical professionals and physical therapists is crucial to ensure safe and effective treatment.

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