Ancient Roman Laws: A Compilation of Legal Texts

Posted on Nov 29, 2024 in Law & Jurisprudence

If someone is quoted as correct, it is valid. If you do not attend, the removal of testimony is valid.
If you try to avoid or run away, it will be thrown by hand.
If there is disease, old age, or illness, a saddle will be granted.
If you do not want it, do not give the donkey.
The guarantor of the owner must be the owner. For the poor, one who wants to go bail for him.
When making a pact, advertise it. If you do not agree, present your case in elections or in the forum before noon.
In the oral presentation, both must be present. After noon, the dispute will be awarded to those present. If both are present, only the accepted claims will be valid until sunset.

As Gaius stated, the sacramental bet penalty was 50 to 500 aces. If the bet was on a man’s freedom, the wager would be 50 aces.
In cases of serious illness, or a day determined by contrast, regardless of the inability to judge, the defendant or referee can postpone the day.
One who refuses to testify will be cursed at their house’s door for three days.

Confessed debts and granted things, as right, shall be granted within 30 days.
After that, it is secured by hand and submitted to the court. If the court does not meet, or no one responds, the creditor can take it, tie knots in ropes or chains of a maximum of 15 pounds, or less if desired.
If the debtor wants it, they may live on their own. Otherwise, they will be chained, receiving the equivalent of a pound of grain (bread) per day. More may be given.
For three consecutive markets, the amount of deception will be announced. On the third market, the death penalty will be executed by cutting the debtor into pieces; if they were not equal, there will be fraud.
Aulus Gellius mentions debtor-suited and covenants for 60 days. During these days, the debtor can be chained up. The praetor present at the election meeting can deliver the money claimed in court. After the third day, the imposed penalty will be applied, or the debtor will be sent beyond the Tiber and sold abroad.

As arranged for money and other things in custody, so it shall be in law. If one dies intestate, the nearest agnatic heir inherits. If there is no agnatic heir, it goes to the Gentile family.
According to Gaius, those not given by a tutor, under the law of the Twelve Tables, are agnatic guardians.
If someone is alienated, the agnatic and Gentiles have authority over them and their money. But if they had no guardian, a paterfamilias or guardian will be appointed.
According to Ulpian, when the law refers to the employer and freedman, inheritance will be of this family and this family.

When pronouncing the words nexum and mancipation, this is valid.
If those who agreed to incorporate a beam in a building cannot separate it… like a vine torn from the ground, unless the building or separate clusters are collected, then it may be taken.
According to Gaius, if one spouse does not fall under the husband’s manu, they can agree to be absent for three consecutive nights, thus disrupting the (use) for that year.

According to Varro, the area is a strip surrounding a wall, two feet wide and a half-sestertius.
If parties do not agree, the dispute goes to a judge and three arbitrators.
Obligation to keep the road clear. The fact that it has been desempedrado can happen to your donkey when you want.
If rainwater causes harm… according to Ulpian, if water is detrimental to an individual, they are entitled to have the landlord compensate for the damage.

Who causes damage by magic… (Carmen, magic formulas.)
If a member is not started and it was agreed upon, the regulatory retaliation applies.
If a bone is broken with a hand or whip to a free man, the penalty is 300 aces. If it is a slave, 150 aces. If it was that caused injury, the penalty is 25 aces.
Causing harm to another requires compensation for the damage.
Who spells harm by the fruits of others, or appropriates honey outside (according to Pliny, worthy of hanging in honor of Ceres, but if it is a prepubescent child, the praetor shall choose between scourging or paying double the damages).
If theft is committed at night and the thief is killed, it is lawful.
If in daylight and fighting with weapons, shouting for help is implored.
Lance et Lycian: Procedure through a plate and rope tied around the waist to locate the suspect object of theft.
If the theft was not apparent (gross)… the damage is liable to double.
If the employer defrauds a client, it is detested (religious punishment, punished with death).
Who has witnessed or held the balance and fails to testify shall be declared unworthy and unable to testify.
If the weapon escapes from the hand and stabs… give yourself a ram (death is caused involuntarily).

Privileges will not be claimed… (no special laws for anyone to reclaim).
The death penalty will not be decided, but the polls are collected in full (centuries).

A dead man cannot be buried or cremated within the city.
There will be more than that: the ax grinding wood (from the pyre).
Women shall not scratch their cheeks, nor shall mourners at the funeral.
Do not collect the bones of the dead man to make after the funeral.
Who gets a crown, their heritage, for honor and virtue (for gallantry in battle), may (take at funerals).
Gold shall overlap, but if your teeth are yoked with gold, although they bury or incinerate it is not considered fraud.

According to Cicero, the decemvirs having drawn 10 tables with great fairness and prudence, in the following year other decemvirs replaced them by adding two more tables of iniquitous laws… and sanctioned by law, the inhuman marriages of patricians and plebeians could not be held.
According to Tuccitano, the proposed interlayer decemvirs days on the calendar revealed…
…the decemvirs which were propitious days (according to Cicero).

If a slave committed theft or caused damage… (by the Noxal actions, the parent or owner is responsible for the offense, or delivering the guilty).
If you falsely claimed ownership… name three arbitrators to which the criteria will be condemned twice the damage.