Ancient Civilizations and World History
a southwest asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850-612 BC: Assyria
the Assyrian capital city: Nineveh
a southwest Asian people who helped to destroy the Assyrian Empire, capital was Babylon: Chaldeans
who were regional governors: satraps
who was a prophet and religious reformer: Zoroaster
the babylonians and jews welcomed him as their conqueror: Cyrus
He was both a warrior and a ruler. (There is more than one answer.): Cyrus,
He divided the Persian Empire into 20 provinces: Darius
He began the series of conquests that led to the creation of the Persian Empire: Cyrus
He seized the Persian throne with the aid of an elite group of Persian soldiers: Darius
immediately following his death, rebellions erupted throughout the Persian Empire: Cambyses
He conquered Egypt and, despite his father’s example, scorned its people’s beliefs: Cambyses
He established the manufacture and exchange of metal coins of standard values within the Persian Empire: Darius
He established the Persian custom of honoring the traditions and beliefs of the peoples his armies conquered:Cyrus
famous structure built by King Darius to unite the Persian Empireroyal road
Which city was restored as the center of an empire 1,000 years after being the center of a different empire?Babylon
Among the conquerors of the ancient world, what was Cyrus famous for?Tolerance of diversity
what was the location of Nebuchadnezzar’s hanging gardens, one of the seven wonders of the ancient worldBabylon
For which peoples were bridges, ladders, and tunnels important elements in their military successes?Assyrians
what was the chief purpose for constructing and using the royal roadfor more efficient communication
Which empire became known for its cruelty to conquered peoples in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Anatolia, and Egypt?Assyria
the Medes were allies of the AssyriansFalse Enemies
the assyrians created bridges to cross deep watertrue
the Assyrian king responsible for the conquest and burning of Babylon was Ashurbanipaltrue
Despite its severity, _____ reinforced the idea that government had a responsibility for what occurred in society.The code of Hammurabi
the Assyrian conquest of Egypt established its empire whereNorth Africa
If conquered people refused to pay tribute, the Assyrians exiled them from their homeland.True
where was the capital of the Assyrian empireNinevah
who was a ruler famous for a uniform code of lawsHammurabi
who is credited with creating the first empireSargon the great
the Chaldeans built an empire centered around whereBabylon
What was Sennacherib known for?Military campaigns against Babylon
who is a legendary king of Mesopotamia whose adventures are detailed in one of the world’s earliest works of literatureGilgamesh
scientist, calculated the value of pi and explained the law of the leverArchimedes
the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion were emphasizedClassical art
an ancient kingdom north of GreeceMacedonia
a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satirecomedy
philosopher, known for encouraging people to question themselves and their moral character, in order to find the universal truthsSocrates
relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century BCHellenistic
Macedonian king that took over GreecePhillip 2
A war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its alliesPeloponnesian war
mathematician known for his work in geometry, wrote ElelmentsEuclid
A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble charactertragedy
philosopher questioned the natural world, started the Lyceum and was the teacher of Alex the GreatAristotle
philosopher, wrote down conversations with Socrates, and wrote the republicPlato
King of Persia that lost to Alexander the GreatDarius 3
Which people emphasized duty, strength, and discipline?Spartans
Who preserved and spread aspects of the Minoan culture?Mycenaeans
Who moved into the Greek world and reigned for about 400 years and left no written record?Dorians
what term is used today for the art of Athens during the Age of Periclesclassical
Who warned the Greeks about the Macedonian King Philip and his army?Demosthenes
Who wrote the well-known book Elements, which is the basis for modern geometry?Euclid
What battle formation produced the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world?Phalanx
Where was the largest-known Hellenistic statue located?Rhodes
Sparta’s declaration of war against Athens began which war?Peloponnesian
Who built an empire that stretched to India?Alexander
What caused the major difficulties in uniting ancient Greeks under a single government?The geography of the region
Who was driven from Greece shortly before the golden age of Athens began?The Persians
What separated the different regions within Greece?Mountains
Why was Alexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period?It became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture
which of the following fought the Peloponnesian WarAthens and sparta
which of the following was not a reason why Macedonia conquered GreeceMacedonia received effective assistance from Persia
which of the following cultures was not represented in the cultural blend of Hellenistic blendChinese
Alexander the great’s first victories against the Persians gave him control of which regionEgypt
which of the following did Athens and sparta have in commonthey were both city-states
After conquering Greece, Alexander the Great conquered which regions?Persian empire, Egypt, and the Indus Valley
the greek epic the Iliad was written byhomer
Athens developed a form of government in which the people rule, calleddemocracy
the greek philosopher whose work provided the basis of the scientific method used today wasAristotle
the greeks often explained a mystery of nature through a traditional story, called amyth
the form of government in which a king rulesmonarchy
the blending of greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences formed a culture known asHellenistic
An ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures.Greco-Roman culture
the first triumvirate was a group of which three rulersCrassus
Pompey
Caesar
After serving as consul for a year, ______ led his troops in conquering Gaul. His great popularity was a source of concern to ______, who managed to have him ordered back to Rome.Caesar
Pompey
For the next several years, the armies of these two generals fought in various parts of the world. ___ was victorious in these conflicts and had himself appointed dictator.Caesar
on the ides of march 44 BC _______ was assassinated in the Senate by a group of conspiratorsCaesar
the second ______ was made up of three of Caesar’s supporters : Lepidus, ___________ and __________triumvirate
marc Antony
octavion
they would rule for ten years. Later ______ forced Lepidus to retire.Octavion
then he defeated the combined armies of ________ and __________. Eventually, __________ accepted the title of _________, which means “exalted one”Marc Antony and Cleopatra
Octavian
Augustus
Under the rule of _____ as emperor, Rome entered a 200-year period of peace and great prosperity known as the _____.Augustus
Pax Romana
Slaves had few of the benefits of this prosperity. All were victims of their owners’ whims. Some, called _____, were forced to battle to the death before an arena full of eager spectators.Gladiators
in the early Roman government, who were the consulschief executives of the government
What conflict of interests lay between Rome and Carthage?Control of the Mediterranean Sea
which of the following is non true about the roman code of laws known as the 12 Tablesit allowed for flexible interpretations of the law
Why did Germanic peoples invade the Roman Empire?Fear of attacks by the Huns
Why was Augustus the most able emperor of Rome?He stabilized the frontier, erected splendid public buildings, and created an enduring government.
which of the following groups of terms best summarizes the legacy of the Roman Empirearchitecture, engineering, law, language
What regions of the world today are still strongly influenced by the achievements of Rome?Europe and the us
Which Roman ruler held the title of dictator or absolute ruler at the time of his assassination by members of the Senate?Julius Caesar
What were the common citizens of Rome called?Plebeians
Who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium?Constantine
Greco-Roman culture is also referred to as what kind of culture?Classical
What were Rome’s military forces called?Legions
Which emperor divided the empire into Greek-speaking East and Latin-speaking West?Diocletian
the accurate histories of Rome, Annals and Histories, were written byTacitus
the family of languages that developed from Latin are calledromance languages
the design of the roman aqueducts made significant use of the architectural structure of thearch
which of the following was an important principle of roman lawinnocent until proven guilty
after the Pax Romana, many roman soldiers lost their sense of loyalty so Rome hired whommercenaries
What was the city of Byzantium renamed to?Constantinople
Roman culture was influenced byEtruscan, Latin, and Greek neighbors
Who tried to slow the decline of the empire by dividing the empire and moving the capital to ByzantiumDiocletian
In the early Roman republic, a consul had absolute power, but his time in office was limited toOne year
Scipio was a daring Roman general during which Punic WarSecond
An empire established in Europe in the 10th century AD originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany, Italy, Austria, and the NetherlandsHoly Roman Empire
What was the act of taking away a person’s right to membership in the Church?Excommunication
Which leader halted the Muslim invasion of Western Europe at the Battle of Tours?Charles Martel
The achievement for which Charlemagne is most remembered wasBuilding an empire larger than any since Rome
What is true of the Germanic tribesLived in small, closely knit communities
Strong tradition of songs and legends
Each tribe’s chief had a group of warriors loyal only to him
Who does a knight fight forLady
Feudal lord
Heavenly lord
Viking raids eventually ceased because of several factors, including the fact thatFarming conditions in the Viking homeland improved
The treaty of verdun resulted inthe division of Charlemagne’s empire into three parts
The bargain made between a lord and a vassal wasthat the lord would grant the vassal land in exchange for military service
Eleanor of Aquitaine achieved her fame in part because sheWas queen of England
The interdict was an effective weapon for a pope to use against a king becauseit cost the king the loyalty of his subjects, who feared for their own souls
Pope Gregory VII and the German emperor Henry IV fought over the issue ofsecular appointment of bishops
The main difference between the original Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire of the Frederick I was thatFrederick’s empire had no strong central government
One of the expedition which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the holy landCrusade
A system of farming developed in medieval europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplantedthree-field system
Medieval scholar, known for combining religious truths and logicThomas Aquinas
A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy, espicallh the one active in Spain during the 1400sInquisition
Turkish leader, recaptured Jerusalem and fought in the third crusadeSaladin
A medieval merchant-class town dwellerBurgher
Scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universitiesScholastics
A medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members’ wages and pricesguild
King of a England, fought in the third crusadeRichard the Lion hearted
The expansion of trade and business that transarme de European economics during the 16th and 17th centuriesCommercial revolution
The everyday language Of people in a region or countryvernacular
Which of the following was not a problem faced by the churchwhether the pope should reside in Paris or London
Which trait did NOT characterize Gothic cathedral architecture?Rounded arches
What were the traits to characterize gothic architectureSculpture
Stained glass windows
High, vaulted ceiling
What was one negative effect if the crusades that has continued to the presentHostility between Muslims and Christians
In what kind of language did Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer writevernacular
What was at stake in the Battle of Hastings?Whether the Normans or the Anglo-Saxons would rule England
What issue led to both the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament?How to end taxation without representation
Why were Europeans able to begin studying ancient Greek works?They gained access to Muslim and Byzantine libraries that contained Greek works
What did the devastation caused by the bubonic plague contribute to?The disruption and collapse of medieval society
What was an effect of the commercial revolutionWorkers were paid for labor, more money available for building business, and the increase of power of the king
Which developments did the most to end the Middle Ages?Longbow, bubonic plague, Hundred Years’ War, the Great Schism
What was the chief goal of the Crusades?To recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
What problem was identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?Village priests married, Bishops sold positions, and Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed bishops.
What was the effect of the three-field system?Farmers produced more food and villagers had more to eat
Which of the following best describes the nature of a guildan association of people who worked at the same occupation
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?Basic legal rights
What was the major cause of the great schismarguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?Parliament
During the later Middle Ages, where were most serfs likely to search for freedom?Towns or cities
Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?Traders
Which of the following was the central issue of the hundred years warThe throne of France
Who was the last of Henry VIII’s children to rule England?Elizabeth I
Which official measure made the king, instead of the pope, the head of the English Church?Act of Supremacy
Who was the wife or a king of England the mother of a queen of England, and the aunt of an emperor of the holy Roman emperorCatherine of Aragon
Whom did Henry VIII want to marry badly enough to prompt his break with the Roman Catholic Church and the pope?Anne Boleyn
Which term originally referred to a German prince who was not loyal to the pope?Protestant
Which term means “to take back a statement”?Recant
Who was the first of Henry VIII’s children to rule England?Edward VI
Which official measure made it a crime to give Martin Luther food or shelter?Edict of Worms
Which term refers to a pardon that releases a sinner from a penalty for committing a sinindulgence
Who was beheaded after being unable to produce a male heir for Henry VIII?Anne Boleyn
Which term means “to set aside”?Annul
Another word for the Church of EnglandAnglican
Renaissance painters in Flanders, as in Italy, tended to produce work that wasrealistic
In Greek, the word utopia meansno place
The followers of John Knox became known asPresbyterians
The intellectual and cultural movement known as humanism arose from the study ofClassical Greek and Roman culture
Predestination was one of the main doctrines ofCalvinism
The first use of movable type was inChina
A person who produces work “in the vernacular” is one whowrites in a local, rather than a classical, language
The founder of the religious order known as the Jesuits wasIgnatius of Loyola
The technique known as perspective is most useful in the creation oftwo-dimensional art
The printing press was invented byJohann Gutenberg
Which of the following correctly matches the author with something he or she wroteThomas More and Utopia
To become known as an important patron, one most needed to bewealthy
The education of children and missionaries was the principle goal ofJesuits
Which of the following did Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More have in commonBoth were considered humanists
The council of Trent agreed thatthe Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final
Only the baptism of adults was valid to theAnabaptists
The best synonym for secular isworldly
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?Art and learning
The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subject?Human potential and achievements
For what us the Medici family famous forBeing rulers and supporters of the arts
What were Michelangelo and da VinciItalian artists
What was the first full sized book Gutenberg printedBible
In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist
Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice?The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins
Who declared himself the head of the English Church?Henry VIII
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?Predestination
Who was the important Catholic Reformer who founded the Jesuit order?Ignatius of Loyola
What has Utopia come to mean?Ideal place
Why did the Renaissance in Northern Europe lag behind the Renaissance in Italy becauseLocked in hundred years war
When Jerusalem fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, scholars fled to Rome with whatAncient Greek manuscripts
The act of supremacy was passed during who’s reignHenry VIII
During the Renaissance artists were often supported by wealthy people known as whoPatrons
What did Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press made possibleQuick spread of ideas
The name anabaptist is from the Greek forBaptize again
King of France during the French RevolutionLouis XVI
This describes the most conservative members of the legislative assemblyright wing
This was a radical group, named for the style of pants it members woreSans cultorres
This refers to the nobles who fled France but still hoped to restore the monarchyEmigres
This is the name of the government body that replaced the National AssemblyLegislative Assembly
This describes the most radical members of the legislative assemblyleft wing
This person wrote a strong response to a declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen because it did not give the same rights to women that it gave to menOlympe de Gouges
This person claimed it was possible to build a republic of virtue by means of what came to be known as the reign of terrorMaximilien Robespierre
This radical revolutionary was fatally stabbed in his bath tub by another revolutionaryJean Paul Marat
This was invented to further human goals though often used in contradiction to such goalsGuillotine
Just before being beheaded this person known for arguing rights for the poor, suggested that his severed head would be well worth seeingGeorges Danton
Out of fear for their own safety members of this group finally put an end to the reign of terrorNational Convention
This more conservative government replaced the national conventionThe directory
This group fled France and tried to stop the revolutionEmigres
About which percentage of frances population belonged to the third estate98
What happened on July 14 bastille dayA mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder
slogan of the revolutionliberty, equality, brotherhood
Which document state that men are born and remain free and equal in rightsDeclaration of the Rights of Man
During the reign of terror who was safe from the guillotineNo one
Which of the following is an acceptance description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French RevolutionThe members if the third estate paid almost all of taxes
In what way did the bourgeoisie differ from other members of the Third Estate?They believed in Enlightenment ideals
What issue arose after the king called for the estates general to meetHow many votes each estate would get
Why did the National Assembly lose the support of many French peasantsIt took away the Catholic Church’s lands and independence
Which group imposed the reign of terrorCommittee of Public Safety
Which group finally forced Robespierre from powerHis fellow revolutionaries
The reign of terror and republic of virtue were responsible for all of the following exceptBanning baguettes
Which is a political cause of the French RevolutionThe third estate wanted more of a say in the government
Economic causes of the French Revolution1. Gambling debt
Helped fund American revolution
Famine widespread
What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetimegovernment run public schools, comprehensive system of laws, fairer tax code
How did admiral Nelson win the battle of trafalgarHe divided the French fleet and attacked smaller groups of ships.
Why did Napoleon attack Portugalto enforce the terms of the Continental System
Which of the following was an important goal of the Congress of the ViennaTo establish a balance of power in Europe
Who was the most influential leader at the Congress of ViennaPrince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
What does the word plebiscite meanvote of the people
Which of the following did Napoleon not accomplishan expansion of freedom of speech
Which strategy did the czar Alexander I the first used to defeat Napoleon and RussiaScorched earth policy
Which of the following traits did Napoleon not possessHumility
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?Militarism
What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?Balkans
Who led Germany during the last decade of the 1800s and most of World War I?
Kaiser Wilhelm IIWhich statement summarizes the Schlieffen plan that Germany created to prepare for a two front warAttack France first, then russia
Why were Germany and A-H known as the central powers?B/c of their location in the heart of Europe
Which nation’s actions caused the United States to fight in World War I?Germany
What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war efforttotal war
What action on November 11, 1918 brought WWI to an endAn armistice was signed
What were the 14 pointsa plan for the postwar world
Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?Germany
What is the most probable link between militarism and imperialism?As a country gains colonies, its military grows to protect themselves
What key factor led to the formation of the triple alliance and the triple entente?Bismark’s fear of France’s army and Britain’s fear of Germany’s empire
What event in Sarajevo ignited the Great War?Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What was significant in the allied victory at the first battle of the marneIt resulted in Germany’s having to fight on two fronts
What was trench warfare intended to accomplish?To protect soldiers from enemy gun fire on the front lines
Which of the following was used to widen the warAttacks on African colonies
What gamble did Germany make before the US entered the warTheir blockade would defeat Britain before US troops arrived
Battlefields of northern FranceWestern front
System in which a government limits the amounts of items people can buyRationing
Wilsons plan for achieving lasting peaceFourteen points
A type of warfare kn which opposing armies fight each other from parallel tranchesTrench warfare
A stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border in wwiEastern front
War in which countries devote all their resources to the wat effortTotal war
Polivcy of glorifying war and keeping an army preparaed for warMilitarism
One sided info designed to persuadePropaganda
The epidemic known as _______ was more deadly than wwiSpanish flu