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STATE BASED SOCIETY

First State: Nobility- They were the most important people, they lived in castles, were very rich and powerful, they just received money but they didn’t have to pay taxes.

Second State: Clergy- They were privilegedThey lived in cities and they had power because people believed in them.

Third State: Burgoises- They were the workers and poor people who had to pay taxes for the other two states to live well. 

SPANISH SUCCESSION

After Charles II died without having kids, Philip  of Anjou was his heir, but if he refused Archduke Charles was the second option. Philip accepted to be Spanish Kind but he started a war because the English didn’t want France and Spain to be together. In the end, Philip won the war but promised to keep Spain separated from France so he became King of Spain.



MATXINADA:The poor people didn’t have enough money to eat  and the price of the seeds were rising. The people who had seeds reserved, said they did not have them because they were waiting for the price to rise more before selling. On April 14, a cavalry came to steal the grains. When they left the town, the citizens stopped them and forced them to return everything they had taken. They asked them why they had done this and they replied that it was to lower the price of seeds. With this, the people were calmer and returned to their homes. That day at seven o’clock at night some people from Azpeitia and Urrestila met with their instruments. Then they went to Azkoitia to meet other people from there and together they returned to Azpeitia. They wanted to burn houses, rob, injure … as a protest to lower prices, but in the end they did nothing. Although, the next day, the prices of the seeds went down until August.

THE ENLIGHTEMENT: It was a movement based in Europe that started in England. It was invented to get a better life in different areas. EDUCATION: They founded an academy called Real academia de la lengua. ECONOMY: They wanted less control of the government in the economical area, by using new techniques. SOCIETY: There is no difference in the society. POLITICS: Division of political power.



 NAPOLEON: In 1799, the political situation in France was not very good. There were many revolts and conflicts to see who was going to control France after the French Revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte, a general at that time,  organised a military coup and created a new political system called the Consulate. He was considered a hero in France, because he won many battles against different countries in Europe, he named himself the head of the state but he wanted to have even more power. His dream was to conquer all Europe and name himself emperor. Napoleon  defeated all the countries that were allied against France, except Great Britain and Portugal. Also, he tried to close all European ports to English merchants. However, his power was getting less because of the division of his forces in 1812. He divided his army in two to conquer Russia and Portugal, but he lost many soldiers and lost power. Finally, he died in exile in SANTA Elena in 1815 after being arrested by the English Army at the Battle of Waterloo.  During his ruling system, he made many political and social changes in France.  He guaranteed religious freedom, changed old-fashioned absolutist laws  to the Napoleonic Code. He established equality for all citizens before the law and also a state system of education for all children. To conclude, he also tried to improve the economical situation in France.



CONGRESS OF VIENNA: The congress of Vienna  succeeded in 1815, when European monarchs met to end the revolutionary ideas. The burgoises gained political  power during the french revolution, and they did not agree with the monarchy. So, there were two political ideologies: 

ABSOLUTISM:   Driven by the absolutist monarchs. This ideology said that the monarch had  the power, and the only person who could change that power  was himself.

LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM:  Driven by the bourgeoises. This ideology came from the ideas of the Enlightenment, American and French revolution and  parliamentary system of Great Britain. In this case the power should be changed. 



FRENCH REVOLUTION In the French Revolution what happened was that King Louis XVI wanted to raise taxes to won more money.  This event corresponded to the three states. But the situation in each state was different, because in the first and second state they had more power than the others and did not want to pay taxes, so everyone wanted to leave them to the bourgeoisies. In the third state they wanted to participate in the government, but the government would not let them and the citizens suffered economical problems. In the end, the government let all states participate, but only with one vote for each state,  but as the bourgeoisie were more, they won, even so the government did not let them do anything else. In the end, the citizens cut the neck of the king and his wife and the threaders countries, they got scared and they went against France so they could get rid of her in 1799 and Napoleon arrived at that  moment.