A Comprehensive Review of US History: From Progressive Era to the Fall of Communism
History Final Exam Review
Progressive Era
Progressive Movement – civil rights
Populism – farmers looking for reform
Muckrakers – journalist expose problems of society
Upton Sinclair – expose meat packing industry, “The jungle”
Ida Tarbell – lead Muckracker, oil industry scandal
Socialism – all private business and all human rights
Communism – government controls all and everyone is equal, no private business
Eugene V. Debs – railway unit involve in strike
McKinley – assassinated by anarchist, Spanish American War
Theodore Roosevelt – Big Stick Policy, Meat inspection, Democrat, Bull Moose Party
Taft – Conservative, promised no more tariffs, raised it
Joseph Cannon – Speaker of the house
Election Of 1912 – Wilson, Taft, Debs, Roosevelt = Wilson won
Wilson – WWI President, Democrat, New Freedom; economic liberty, less govt control, Less import tax
16th Amendment – income tax
17th Amendment – direct election of Senate
18th Amendment – Prohibition of alcohol
19th Amendment – Woman’s suffrage
The First World War
Triple Entente – France, Russia, England (FIE)
Allies – England, France, US, Russia, and later Italy (FIEU)
Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria, Italy
Central Powers – German, Austria-Hungry, Italy, Ottoman Empire
Stalemate – deadlock
Alliance – close association
Reparation – war payments
Trench Warfare – fighting in trenches
Schliffen Plan – fighting on two fronts, defeats France and later almost Russia
John J. Pershing – Leader of American expeditionary forces
Selective Service Act – Draft
Herbert Hoover – Food Administration
Espionage And Sedition Act – Wilson Prosecution of anyone found guilty of conveying info.
Wilson’s 14 Points – Limit arms, League of Nations, No more secret alliances, Free Navigation of oceans.
League Of Nations – Senate rejected idea, promote peace
Treaty Of Versailles – ends WWI,
Big Four – Woodrow Wilson – US Georges Clemenceau – France Vittorio Orlando – Italy
David Lloyd George – Britain
Ho Chi Minh – rejected by Wilson for help, turned Communist
The 1920’s
KKK – racist group against blacks
Bloc – voting as a group
Sacco and Vanzetti – anarchist charged with murder And wrongfully executed
Washington Naval Conference – Charles Hughes Proposed Naval disbarment
Warren G. Harding – Teapot dome scandal, Rep. Bad Cabinet ,
Andrew Mellon – Secretary of Treasure, tax
Charles Evans Hughes – Secretary of State
Albert B. Fall – Teapot dome scandal, Secretary of Interior
A. Mitchell Palmer – Attorney General, Palmer Raids, Anti-Red Crusade, Anti-Communist
Calvin Coolidge – Rep. High import tariffs, No help To farmers
Herbert Hoover – blamed for great depression
Alfred E. Smith – Lost Election, Dem.
Good Neighbor Policy – Hoovers foreign policy, Latin American
Red Scare – fear of communism
Communism – no private business
Socialism – private business and ownership
The Great Depression
Uneven distribution of income – Rich get richer, Poor, poorer
Easy Credit – the installment plan,
Bonus Army – WWI veteran wanted bonus for war
Rugged individualism – Hoover’s philosophy of Self-reliance
Hoovervilles – shanty towns
Reconstruction Finance Corporation – Hoover building Dams
Franklin D. Roosevelt – democrat
New Deal – campaign created many programs to help During Great Depression
Fireside Chats – radio talk
Brain trust – smart advisors
Civilian Conservation Corps – Created jobs for young Men
20th Amendment – Inauguration changed
The New Deal And Reform
National Industrial Recovery Act – unconstitutional Regulation of businesses
Social Security Act – Old and disable
Agricultural Adjustment Act – unconstitutional pay Farmers to destroy crops
Tennessee Valley Authority – Most Successful! Program for electricity
Court Packing Bill – Change court justices
Huey Long – Louisiana, Critic of New Deal, shot and Killed, “share our wealth”
Charles Coughlin – priest radio attack Jewish
The Road to War
Adolph Hitler – German dictator
Sudetenland – Germans excuse to take over Czechoslovakia
Nuremberg Laws – strip Jews of political rights
Manchuria – attacked by Japan for resources
Axis Power – Japan, Italy, Germany
Neville Chamberlain – Before 1940
Appeasement – Giving into demand
Winston Churchill – After 1940
Joseph Stalin – leader of Russia
Benito Mussolini – rebellion leader of Italy
Francisco Franco – Dictator of Spain
Fascism – extreme nationalism
Genocide – mass killing of entire race
Blitzkrieg – lighting attack
Sitzkreig – no progress, phony war
Nonaggression pact – Germany and Russia agreeing to Not fight
The Second World War
Erwin Rommel – Desert Fox and German marshal
Big Three – Stalin, FDR, Churchill
Lend-lease – giving things to Allies
Atlantic Charter – Churchill and Roosevelt postwar Signing
Office of Price Administration – controlling prices
J. Robert Oppenheimer – lead scientist in nuclear Bomb
Korematsu vs. U.S. – japan court case on moving Japanese to camps
Issei – 1st generation
Nessi – 3rd generation
Kamikazes – suicide bombers
Hiroito – emperor of Japan
Gen. Douglas MacArthur – leader of us troops and Freed Philippines
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower – D-day invasion
Manhattan Project – atomic bomb
Hiroshima – 1st drop
Nagasaki – 2nd drop
Truman – takes over FDR, Dem.
D-day – beach landing in Normandy France
V-E Day – marking the Allied victory in Europe in 1945
V-J Day – the day (August 15) in 1945 on which Japan Ceased fighting in World War II, or the day (September 2) when Japan formally Surrendered.
Postwar Period, Cold War, Korean War
Cold War – hostility without fighting
GI Bill – education benefits to those in armed forces after WWII
Jackie Robinson – Black major league baseball
1948 Election – Truman wins
38th Parallel – Divides NK & SK
NATO – US treaty organization, Atlantic Alliance,
Warsaw Pact – USSR satellite pact, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union
Truman Doctrine – stop spread of communism no matter what
Marshall Plan – funding Western Europe after war
Korean War – Cease-fire
Joseph McCarthy – McCarthyism, accused many of being communist
Douglas MacArthur – fired for aggressiveness by Truman
Satellite Nations – nations controlled by another Nations government
Containment – stop spread of communism
Dynamic Conservatism – being liberal in all things Human and being conservative with all things fiscal, support new deal
Mao Zedong – Leader of communist china
John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State – massive Retaliation
Massive Retaliation – nuclear strategy of deterrence
Gama Abdel Nasser – Leader of Egypt
Eisenhower Doctrine – do whatever to defect Middle East
Eggheads – intellectuals no common sense
Baby Boom – population explosion after WWII
Levittown – suburban housing
Beatniks – hippies
Leader of the 1960’s
Brown v. Board of Education – separate but equal to
Place in education
Martin Luther King Jr. – assassinated, Civil Rights leader
Sit-in – desegregation public places
Malcolm X – violent civil rights black superiority Associated
Governor Ross Barnett and George Wallace – racist Segregation governors
Rosa Parks – led Montgomery bus boycott
Freedom Rides – a person who challenged racial laws In the American south in the 1960s
March on Washington – Federal legislation of Civil Rights
JFK – Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs
New Frontier – Space Program
Alliance for Progress – foreign aid presented by President Kennedy to help solve the economic and social problems of Latin America
Bay of Pigs – disaster Cuban exiles captured
Fidel Castro – Leader of Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis – Force USSR to dismantle Missiles U.S. Also removing
Berlin Wall – wall setup by soviet to divide Germany
Alger Hiss – State Department accused of being Communist spy
Great Society – Johnsons plan to eliminate poverty And racial injustice
Lee Harvey Oswald – assassinated JFK
Lyndon Johnson – Vietnam War
Civil Rights Act of 1964 – eliminated discrimination
Voting Rights Act 1965 – Eliminate literacy test and Poll tax
The Vietnam War
Dien Bien Phu – French defeated by Ho Chi Min
Geneva Accords – SV suppose to have unified election
Ho chi Minh – NV communist leader
Ngo Dinh Dien – SV corrupt leader
MyLai Massacre – US kill innocent villagers
17th Parallel – division of Vietnam
Domino Theory – on fall, rest will to communism
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – NV attack on SV, allowed President blank check
Search and Destroy Villages – military strategy to Burn down villages
Vietcongs –Communist in South
Delayed stress syndrome – stress disorder
Nixon’s policy – Vietnamization, slowly withdraw Troops
The Nixon’s Years
1968 – Bad year, MLK, RFK, Protestors beat
MLK – assassinated
RFK – assassinated for supporting Israel
Deficit Spending – spending money we don’t have
Realpolitik – gaining power, based on practical Morals
SALT – Russian, US restrict of arms
Watergate – Nixon resigns after proof
Pentagon Papers – Johnson was to avoid defeat in Vietnam
Spiro Agnew – Nixon VP illegal campaign
George Wallace – leader of American Independent Party
1970’s
Ford – pardons Nixon,
Stagflation – high inflation combined with high Unemployment
ERA – Equal Rights for women
Carter – Human rights
Panama Canal – Returned to them
OPEC – oil company in middle east
Iran Hostage – failed
Camp David – Israel and Egypt
Reagan, Bush, And Clinton
Ronald Reagan – Great communicator
George Bush – no new taxes but increased
Reaganomics – money trickles down from rich
Moral Majority – Christian restore
Geraldine Ferraro – 1st female vp candidate
AIDS
Mikhail Gorbachev – oppresses of Soviet, fall of Communism
Sandra day o’ Connor – 1st female supreme Court
INF – Reduce of Nukes