A Comprehensive Guide to Paint Types and Applications

Posted on Jul 24, 2024 in Geology

Introduction

Paint, a viscous liquid or mixture, finds widespread use in various applications, including roller painting, dipping, and projection (gun spraying). This guide delves into the world of paints, exploring their history, properties, components, and diverse types.

History of Paint

The use of paint dates back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome, where rubber-based paints and waxes were prevalent. The 18th century witnessed the emergence of a home painting chemical industry. A significant milestone was the development of synthetic resins during World War I, revolutionizing the paint industry.

Properties of Paint

Paints exhibit several desirable properties, including:

  • Good adherence to the support
  • Weather resistance
  • Neutral behavior towards the support, avoiding chemical reactions
  • Color stability
  • Homogeneity
  • Good performance
  • Decorative quality

For instance, acrylic paint adheres well to metal surfaces when applied over a primer but may oxidize over time.

Components of Paint

Vehicle

The vehicle, the liquid component of paint, carries pigments and binders. It comprises two main parts:

  1. Volatile solvent vehicle
  2. Fixed vehicle, binder, or film former

Classification of vehicles is based on the solvent used. The solvent serves the following functions:

  • Makes the paint sufficiently liquid for penetration into pores
  • Forms a suitable film upon drying

The volatile vehicle performs these additional functions:

  • Wraps and sets pigments and binders
  • Enhances adhesion
  • Provides protective properties
  • Increases durability

Vehicles can be classified as:

  • Mineral (containing gypsum, lime, cement)
  • Organic (waxes)
  • Fatty
  • Resin (shellac, bitumen)

Pigment

Pigments are powdered products that impart color and opacity to the paint. They can be derived from:

  • Organic chemistry (high-purity colors like blue, violet)
  • Inorganic chemistry (iron oxide, titanium white)

The choice of pigment depends on factors such as covering power and resistance to sunlight. Specialized pigments are available for effects like pearly tones and metallic finishes.

Charges

Charges are powdered products obtained from milling natural rocks. They provide:

  • Body
  • Increased mechanical resistance
  • Decreased brightness
  • Microporosity for easier sanding

Common charges include calcium carbonate, mica, talc, and gypsum.

Auxiliary Agents

Auxiliary agents are chemical products that contribute specific properties during manufacturing, storage, or application. Examples include:

  • Antifoam agents
  • Preservatives and fungicides
  • Drying agents
  • Mildew inhibitors
  • Anti-water agents

Types of Paint

Water-Based Paints

  • Tempera: Uses lime, cement, plastic, or silicate as binders.
  • Distemper: Employs cellulose and calcium sulfite or calcium carbonate as binders. Porous, permeable, matte finish, low cost, suitable for interior use on plaster surfaces.
  • Lime Paint: Calcium hydroxide or slaked lime acts as the binder. Matte finish, hardens over time, good adhesion to cement and lime mortars, suitable for interior and exterior use.
  • Cement Paint: White cement serves as the binder. Requires constant humidity during drying, matte finish, absorbent, good weather resistance, suitable for interior and exterior use on cement mortar or brick.
  • Plastic Paint: Titanium dioxide pigments (white) and various charges are used. Durable, weather-resistant, quick-drying, available in matte, glossy, and textured finishes, suitable for interior and exterior use on various surfaces.
  • Silicate Paint: Potassium silicate solution acts as the binder, with zinc oxide as the opaque element. Hard, weather-resistant, good adhesion to various surfaces, matte finish, limited color range, suitable for interior and exterior use.

Oil-Based Paints

  • Oils: Drying oils dissolved in solvents like turpentine. Slow drying, flexible, good penetration, porous finish, yellowing tendency, suitable for decorative purposes.
  • Fatty Enamels: Drying oils blended with resins. Glossy finish, slow drying, not resistant to cement alkalinity, suitable for interior use.
  • Synthetic Enamels: Alkyd resins chemically bonded to oils. Durable, glossy, flexible, fast-drying, strong odor, suitable for exterior and interior use.

Other Types of Paint

  • Bituminous Paint: Solutions of pitch, tar, or asphalt in organic solvents. Good adhesion to metal and concrete, waterproof, not resistant to solvents, suitable for protecting metal and concrete structures.
  • Chlorinated Rubber Paint: Based on chlorinated synthetic rubber. High resistance to water, chemicals, and weathering, fast-drying, suitable for concrete, steel, and surfaces exposed to moisture.
  • Epoxy Paint: Two-component system consisting of resin and catalyst. Chemical and friction resistant, suitable for surfaces exposed to alkalinity, exterior use, and industrial applications.
  • Nitrocellulose Lacquer: Cellulose-based, high gloss, quick-drying, inelastic, not suitable for exterior wood surfaces, used in automotive finishes.
  • Intumescent Paint: Non-combustible, increases in volume when exposed to heat, delays the spread of fire, suitable for structural steel.

Varnish

Varnishes are composed of vegetable oils or resins dissolved in volatile solvents. They form a smooth, continuous, typically colorless and bright film upon drying. Decorative techniques like stenciling and glazing can be employed with varnishes.

Specialized Paint Systems

Navy Paint

Place fiberglass mesh to prevent cracks or fissures express support. Rehabilitation Berlin deps 2GM. Fiberglass is rot-proof, fireproof, fusion to 1200 ยบ, not distorted. On becoming a fabric paint penetrates and holds perfectly. Texture.

TEXTURGLAS: Weft and warp. melted at high temperature and the threads are obtained. You can repaint. Many models and texturas.Comercializa in 1x50m rolls 0.20 -1.15 mm. Uses: public places, hospitals, hotels. On plaster, plaster, plasterboard, enfosacado, steel, wood, ceramic rev. If a coating is placed on pieces fill the joints. Treatment of previous support: remove grease stains, seals, flattening … Primer for receiving layer of glue and place the mesh from top to bottom. Past 24h gives a hand xa doblaglas it ready for painting. Splicing overlap. any type of paint.

VELOGLAS: stringers together with resins. They are distributed with uniform density. sold in rolls of 1m wide and 0.20 mm thick. smooth paint finishes: semilacas, stucco. In plaster ceilings xa q no manifest themselves together. In operating rooms, laboratories. Placement = texturglas.

TRAMAGLAS: Nets more open. Used as carriers for coatings and plasters ext, enfoscados.Para thick coatings and paint facades. Q Exchange of materials for meetings not manifest themselves.

LEGISLATION collected by AENOR. Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification. ANSPI: National Employers Federation painters. Spanish Association of tecnics AETEPA in paints and the like. ASEFAPI Spanish associations of manufacturers of paints and printing inks.

-STRIPPING: Removing paint dry.

STRIPPING TECHNIQUES

Tempera: wets the surface and scratched with spatula.

Painting with lime, silicate cement: mechanical sanders

Plastic Paints: Decapadantes technicians, liquid or pasty product comprising methylene chloride and additives. It applies in a thick layer with a brush or spatula and made cuts to the paintwork.

Plaster or stucco: Chop

Paint, varnish, synthetic oil or glaze: mechanical means sanding, burning flame. Caustic Soda which softens the enamel and then scratch.

Paintings chlorinated rubber, epoxy and c. of ploriuretano: strippers technicians.