1917 UGT-CNT Manifesto: A Call for General Strike in Spain
1917 UGT-CNT Manifesto: A Call for General Strike
Introduction
This document analyzes the UGT-CNT Manifesto of March 27, 1917, a pivotal document in Spanish labor history. The manifesto, issued during a period of significant social and political unrest, called for a general strike in response to deteriorating living conditions and rising inflation exacerbated by World War I.
Context
Spain’s neutrality in the war led to increased demand for goods and services, driving up inflation and impacting the working class. This economic hardship fueled existing tensions stemming from ministerial instability, military discontent (Juntas), social inequalities, and Catalan nationalist demands for autonomy. The PSOE’s collaboration with Republicans after the Tragic Week of 1909 further radicalized the labor movement, increasing the influence of both the UGT and the CNT.
Authors and Signatories
The manifesto’s text was drafted by Socialist Party leaders Julian Besteiro and Fernando de los Rios. However, it was signed by prominent union leaders: Largo Caballero (UGT), Angel Pestana (CNT), and Salvador Segui (CNT). These leaders represented different factions within the labor movement, from the reformist UGT to the more radical elements within the CNT.
Objectives
The manifesto aimed to mobilize the working class, particularly in urban areas, for a general strike planned for August 1917. It also served as a clear message to the government and the bourgeoisie, highlighting the growing discontent and potential for social upheaval.
Analysis
The manifesto reflects the growing trend towards organized action within the labor movement. Both the CNT and the UGT were moving away from spontaneous actions and adopting more strategic approaches. The text alludes to specific grievances, including the discrediting of the Romanones government, unresolved issues of subsistence and inflation, and the growth of labor organizations following events like the Tragic Week.
Aftermath and Significance
The manifesto’s publication led to the arrest of its authors and the suspension of constitutional guarantees. The government’s repressive response further radicalized the PSOE and fueled calls for a national concentration government or even a dictatorship. The subsequent appointment of García Prieto failed to quell the unrest, culminating in the summer of 1917 with uprisings by the military (Juntas), parliamentarians (Parliamentary Assembly), and the working class. While the military and parliamentary revolts were largely contained, the leaders of the general strike faced harsher consequences, highlighting the state’s concern over the growing power of the labor movement.