Renaissance Art and Architecture in Italy and Europe
Item 1. The Art of the Renaissance
Definition and General Characteristics
This section explores the defining features of Renaissance art and architecture, emphasizing the shift towards realism, humanism, and classical influences.
The Architecture of the Quattrocento in Italy
This section delves into the architectural developments of the 15th century in Italy, highlighting key figures and their works:
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
- Dome of Florence Cathedral (1423)
- Hospital of the Innocents in Florence (1419)
- San Lorenzo in Florence
- Pazzi Chapel
- Church of Santo Spirito
- Palazzo Pitti
Michelozzo Michelozzi (1396-1472)
- Library of San Marco
- Palazzo Medici Riccardi
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472)
- Loggia of the Blessings
- Malatestiano Temple
- Church of Santa Maria Novella
- Church of San Sebastian de Mantua
- Church of Sant’Andrea in Mantua
- Palais Rucellai
The Lombardy
- Il Filarete: Milan-Ospedale Maggiore
- Giovanni Antonio Amadeo and Solari: Certosa di Pavia
- Antonio Amadeo: Chapel Colleoni
Duchy of Urbino
- Palais Ducale in Urbino
Naples
- New Castle
Venice
- Mauro Codussi: Palazzo Vendramin-Calergi, Palazzo Corner-Spinelli, Santa Maria dei Miracoli, Church of San Zaccaria
Item 2. The Architecture of the Cinquecento in Italy
Full Renaissance and Mannerism
This section examines the architectural styles of the 16th century, including the High Renaissance and the emergence of Mannerism.
Renaissance House
- Donato Bramante: Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Santa Maria della Pace, Temple of St. Pietro in Montorio, San Pedro del Vaticano
- Giuliano da Sangallo: Villa Medici, Church of Santa Maria delle Hunting
- Antonio da Sangallo, the old: Church of the Madonna of San Biago, Santa Maria de la Consolacion Todi
- Raphael of Urbino: Church of St. Eloy, Chigi Chapel, Villa Madama
- Balthazar Peruzzi: San Pedro del Vaticano, Villa Farnesina, Palazzo Massimo della Colone
- Antonio da Sangallo, the younger: San Pedro del Vaticano, Palazzo Farnese
- Michelangelo: Mediceo-Complex, Reordering Capitol Square, Basilica of St. Peter’s, Porta Pia, Santa Maria degli Angeli
Venice
- Jacopo Tatti Sansovino: Reorganization of the Plaza de San Marcos, Marciana library, Loggietta the Campanile, Zecca, Palazzo Corner della Ca-Large
Mannerism
- Vignola: Villa Giulia, Palazzo Farnese in Caprarola, Church of the Gesu
- Palladio: Basilica of Vicenza, Chiericati-Palace, Palacio Valmar, Loggia del Capitaniato, Villa Emo, Villa Trissino, Villa Godi, Villa Poiana, Villa Pissani, Villa Foscari, Villa Cornaro, Villa Badoer, Villa Barbaro, Villa Capra or Rotonda, San Giorgio Maggiore, Church of the Redeemer, Teatro Olimpico
- Giulio Romano: Palazzo del Te, Palace of the Gonzaga
- Giorgio Vasari: Palace of the Uffizi
- Bartolomeo Ammanati: Palazzo Pitti
Item 3. The Extension to the Rest of Europe
Renaissance Architecture in France and Germany
France
First Stage, Early Renaissance, Style Composite (1st quarter of XVI century)
- Châteaux Amboise
- Châteaux de Gaillon
- Châteaux Bury
- Châteaux Chenonceau
- Châteaux Azay-le-Rideau
- Châteaux Blois
- Châteaux Chambord
Second Stage, Second Renaissance (1525-1540)
- Castillo de Bologne or Madrid
- Fointaineblaeu Castle
Third stage, Classical Period (1547-1565)
- Castle Ancy-le-Franc
- Castle of Anet
- Castle of the Louvre
Netherlands
- City of Antwerp
- City of Leiden
Germany
- Ayuntamineto Cologne
- Heidelberg Castle
- Church of St. Michael in Munich
Item 4. Sculpture of the Renaissance in Italy
The Florentine Quattrocento
This section explores the development of sculpture during the 15th century in Florence, focusing on key artists and their contributions.
Donatello and Other Sculptors
- Lorenzo Ghiberti: Doors of the Baptistery in Florence, San Juan Bautista, San Mateo
- Nanni di Banco: Four Saints crowned, Virgin of the Annunciation
- Jacopo della Quercia: Tomb of Ilaria del Carretto, Source Gaia, Relief from the door of San Petronio
- Donatello: David Marble, San Juan Evangelista, Prophets and Evangelists, St. George, Reliefs on the pulpit of the Cathedral of Prato, Niccolo da Uzzano, Cantoría, Annunciation, Bronze-David, Condottiero Gattamelata, Altar of Saint Anthony, Panels altar, Bronze Pulpits, Judith and Holofernes, San Juan Bautista, La Magdalena
- Lucca Della Robbia: Cantoria del Duomo, Madonna with Child, Virgin of Orsanmichele, Resurrection of Christ
- Andrea Della Robbia: Visitation of the Virgin Pistoia
- Andrea Verrocchio: Tomb of Giovanni and Piero de Medici, Julian de Medicis, Marble bust of woman, Relief of the Madonna with Child, Bronze-David, Incredulity of Saint Thomas, Condottiero Colleoni
- Antonio Benci, Il Pollaiuolo: Tomb of Sixtus IV, Tomb of Innocent VIII, Hercules and Antaeus
Item 5. The Italian Sculpture of the Cinquecento
Sculptor Michelangelo
This section focuses on the sculptural works of Michelangelo and their impact on the art world.
Mannerism and its Impact Outside Italy
- Michelangelo: Relief of the Madonna della Scala, Relief of the Battle of Centaurs and Lapiths, Ark of Saint Dominic, Young Bacchus, Vatican Pietà, Virgin of Bruges, David Marble, Tondo Pitti, Tomb of Julius II, Christ of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Tombs of Giuliano and Lorenzo de Medici, Pieta of Florence Cathedral, Palestrina Pieta, Pieta Rondanini
Mannerism
- Benvenuto Cellini: Salt of Francis I, Perseus, Bust of Cosimo de Medici, Nymph of Fontainebleau, Crucifix marble
- Giambologna: Samson and a Philistine, Rape of the Sabine, Mercury, Neptune fountain, Venus, Equestrian statue of Cosimo de Medici, Equestrian statue of Ferdinand I de ‘Medici, Equestrian statue of Philip III
- Baccio Bandinelli: Hercules and Caco, Fountain of Neptune
- Bartolomeo Ammanati: Fountain of Piazza della Signoria
Item 6. Painting of the 15th Century in Italy
Schools of the Quattrocento and its Main Representatives
This section explores the different schools of painting that emerged during the 15th century in Italy and their key artists.
From Gothic to Rational Scientific
The transition from the elegant and decorative style of Gothic art to the more realistic and scientific approach of the Renaissance is discussed.
Fra Angelico (1387/95-1455)
- Coronation of the Virgin
- Deposition
- Judgment
- The Virgin of the Shadows
- Altarpiece of the Annunciation
- Frescoes from the Monastery of San Marcos
- Niccoline Chapel frescoes
Masaccio (1401-1428)
- Altarpiece of St. Juvenal
- Triple-Santa Ana
- Fresh Bracancci Chapel
- Trinidad or Crucifixion
Paolo Uccello (1397-1475)
- Painted equestrian monument of John Hakwood
- Scenes of Creation and Noah’s life
- St. George and the Dragon
- Three tables in the Battle of San Romano
Piero della Francesca (c. 1415/20-1492)
- The Baptism of Christ
- Resurrection of St. Sepulcher
- The Flagellation
- Legend of the Cross
- Madonna of Senigallia
- Pala di Brera
- Diptych portraits of Federico da Montefeltro and his wife
- The Mystical Nativity
Tendency to the Narrative and the Decorative
Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449-1494)
- Epiphany
- Fresh in the Sassetti chapel
- Fresh Tournaboni chapel
- Last Supper in Mark
- Giovanna Tournaboni
- Grandfather and Child
Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
- Allegory of Abundance
- Allegory of the Fort
- Virgin and Child with Saints
- The Virgin and Child and Two Angels
- The Return of Judith to Betulia
- Paint the Sistine Chapel
- Tondo of Racynski
- Tondo of the Madonna of the Pomegranate
- Tondo of the Madonna of the Magnificat
- Tondo of the Adoration of the Magi
- Adoration of the Magi
- Venus and Mars
- Pallas Athena and the Centaur
- Spring
- Birth of Venus
- History of honesty degli Nataglio
- The Calumny of Apelles
- Annunciation
- Coronation of the Virgin
- The Virgin and Child and San Juanito
- Trinity with Mary Magdalene
- Crying over the Dead Christ (Pieta)
- Simoneta Vespucci
- Man with a Medal of Cosimo the Elder
- Portrait of Giuliano de Medici
- Portrait of a young
- Mystic Nativity