Literary Movements in the 18th and 19th Centuries: Prose, Poetry, and Realism
Theme: Prose, Drama, and Poetry in the Eighteenth Century
1.2) Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
The accession of Charles IV assumed the postegracion Jovellanos who was exiled to his hometown. In 1802 he was imprisoned in Majorca in the Bellver Castle.
Jovellanos’s Prose
Most of the prose of Jovellanos is essays on the reform of various aspects of a memory company. A company on entertainment studying public history of various games or performances.
3) The Eighteenth-Century Poetry
Poetry until 1750, is modeled on the great Baroque poets. After 1750, are reproduced ue nuevs aesthetic tendencies appeared in more críticos. Lo Luzan and other characteristic is a return to pastoral issues. The Anacreontic is a type of love poetry, sensual, set in an idyllic landscape populated by shepherds enamorados. Una lights displays this peculiar didactic poetry is that of storytelling, as shots Iriarte, author of a collection of literary fables, and Felix Maria Samaniego.
12.1 – The Romantic-Minded
Romantic mentality is characterized by these traits:
- Individual: The art and literature become the manifestation of self, personal feelings.
- Irrationalism: Facing the Enlightenment rationalism, romanticism irrational values.
- Defense of freedom in all ambitos.
- Idealismo: Thought considers romantic poet and artist as genius can penetrate intuitively into the unknown, as misterioso.
- Nacionalismo: Facing the universal spirit of neoclassicism, the romantic value the features of each country and regain its history and costumbres.
- Exotismo: The rejection of modern society leads to a romantic escape, at ambient works distant in times or places not yet dominated by rebel i europea. Espiritu civilization
- Juvenile: Was a movement of the young generation that collided with the tastes of the older audience, educated in neoclassicism.
5 – The Literature of Realism
The bourgeoisie abandoned the romantic ideals, too exalted, and replaced by a mentality realistic, more appropriate for a period no longer seek radical change.
Realism Features that Define
- is sought. The writer applies the experimental method, intentantdo that his work reflects the social reality accurately.
- The arguments are based on the vulgar reality, everyday
- The works revolve around a protagonist who gives FREQUENTLY title
- The style is sober, simple, uncomplicated and formal
- Is expressed mainly through the novel, the genre most suitable to describe the social-realist writer simply describes the world of the bourgeoisie, the middle class.
Difference Between Realism Naturalism i:
- Realism is not deterministic naturalism i si.
- In the R man is free i in N humans is determined by genes i the environment.
- In the novel of R can end well or badly, in the novel N always end badly.
6 – Naturalism
Developed in France in the last third of the nineteenth sigola. It was created by Émile Zola. He claims that the novelist act as scientists. Their behavior is determined by genetic inheritance and social environment in which they live. The naturalist writer mimics the scientific method. Use detailed descriptions and explains the behavior of the characters leaning in psychology and medicine
13.1 – The Romantic Poetry Was
The genre most suitable for the expression of sentimientos. Alcanzo extraordinary levels of quality in Germany, England and Germany highlighted France. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Heinrich Heine. En i England the most influential was Lord Byron France stands the figure of Victor Hugo. Podemos romantic poetry divide into two classes: lyrical and narrative.
The Lyrical Poetry
Characterized by the use of rhetorical and bombastic style. The metric: Romantic poetry brought numerous innovations in form. Polymetry, using different metric variations within the same poem. Topics cover the same range of motives and feelings: the ideal woman, the romantic disappointment, sadness, loneliness.
– Narrative Poetry
Two main groups:
- Large-Poems: Narrative poems of several thousand verses, k historical topics, legendary or fantastic.
- Poems short: The most used verse in poems such romance.
2 – The Realistic and Post-Romantic Poetry
Of the nineteenth century half. The reaction against the romantic sentimentality was done from different positions,”Poesia realistic mocked the romantic sentimentality with a distinctly prosaic language. -Ideological poetry: for thematic philosophical, religious or social, k is expressed by a rhetorical style. -Post-Romantic Poetry: continuation of romantic intimacy, but with a less rhetoric and a more simple language.
14: The Manners of Contemporary Society
Describes folk customs, traditional crafts personajesy the country. The writer criticizes the modern trends of manners and nostalgically evokes ancient practices, desaparición. El undergoing major Roman custom was Mesonero Ramon (1803-1882). The core of his work is the series as matritenses scenes. If your articles do not respond to the romantic spirit that the writer consider exaggerated fashion.
2.2) The Generation of 1868
Is introduced realism in Spain with considerable delay.”La Fontana de Or” by Galdos, published in 1870, the year in the middle of the revolutionary process in nature democrático. Con Alfonso XII’s reign begins a long period of political stability known as restoration in which Spain began to modernize, Advocates of progressive ideas clashed with the sectors catOlic traditionalists. This ideological conflict was reflected in the narrative, albeit from different positions, so-called generation of 1868 is formed by a group of novelists who published between 1874 and 1884. Some writers such as José María de Pereda long for the traditional agricultural society, idealized”rocks above” Others opt for entertaining novel that shows i”Pepita Jiméne” in which a young seminary student is torn between his vocation as a priest and his love for a woman. Spanish realism shows a marked regional trend. The writers tend to place their works in environments that are closer to them.
The Press and the Test XIX3.1 Century) The Nineteenth-Century Press
The press was instrumental in the development of society and literary ideas of the nineteenth century. Most of the authors brought the craft of journalism or writing in the pages of newspapers and magazines.
3.2) Testing Decimónico
Articles by Mariano Jose Larra are the most important examples of Romantic essayist in traditionalist thinkers stress España. Entre Jaime Balmes, who sought to reconcile Catholicism and liberalism and Juan Donoso Cortes. El chief representative of liberal thinkers is Francisco Giner de los Rios, organizer of the Free Education Institution.