International relation
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural 2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:
caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that are of use to people. 1.1Soil:provides support for population settlements and agrarian activity,main medium for the growth and nourishment of woodland plants and animals.Subsoil:provides human beings with minerals and rocks,obtained from mining also provides sources of energy(geothermal energy).Terrain:a tourist attraction ,like places with sandy beaches or geological formations of great beuty(colorado´s grand canyon)2.1Hunter gatherer societies:paleolithic hunter gatherer societies consisted of a small population who used rudimentary techniques and lived from hunting,fishing.Consumed the species they needed to survive.2.2Agrarian societies:continued up until 18thcentury,transformed the way in which resources were obtained from nature,most impotan changes:substitution of original plants species for other cultivated ones,clearanceof area of woodland and marshes to create agricultural land,domesticatin of animals,construction of villages and towns,undertaking of hydraulic building projects,to undertake these projects simple energyt sources were used.2.3Industrial society:took place during the 19th and 20th centuries established a new economic model based on the mass production of goods using enormous quantities of energy.3.1Alterations made tothe relief:caused by mines and quarries as well as by transport infrastructure,affects all of the earth´s many natural environments,more common in poor countries.3.2Alterations made to the soil:Erosion:due to deforestation and inappropiate agriculturalnand livestock farming methods.In developed countries these methods are intensive and single crop farming,in poor countries is due to not leaving farming land fallow and excessive grazing of pasture land.Desertification:the loss of the fertile layer of the soil,caused by the erosion and overexploitation of water resources.In developed countries is less common,in poorest countries gives rise to serious problems of famine.Soil pollution:the result of chemical waste substances from agriculture and industry,as well as the dumping of unclean water and refuse,affects land where intensive agriculture methods are used.In developed countries is less serious ,in underdeveloped countries industrial pollution is more serious due to the lack of resources and less stringent environmental legislation.4.1Alterations made to water sources:Overexploitation:the excessive consumption of freshwater as a result of agrarian,urban and industrial usage.Pollution:affects both freshwater and salt water sources,caused by chemical products used in agriculture,untreated industrial and urban waste,and accidents involving oil tankers.The worst affected water sources are sections of river and coast near industrial and urba areas.4.2Alterationsmade to the atmosphere:Global warming:is caused by the increasing greenhouse effect,due to emissions of C02 and other gases produced by power stations,industry,traffic and central heating systems.The result is a progressive increase in the earth´s average temperature,affects the whole planet but most serious for the arid and semi-arid environments of africa.5.1Deforestation and its consequences:consists of the removal of plant cover,caused by the mass burning or felling of trees to transform land for agricultural,livestock farming or residental uses.5.2The damage caused to woodland and jungle regions:in developed countries most widespread in temperate and frigid woodland regions,where damage is caused by plagues,forest fires and acid rain.In underdeveloped countries deforestation reduces the size of the jungle regions and tropical woodland in latin america,western africa and some regions of asia.5.3Biodiversity reduction:biodiversity isunder threat,thousands of animal and plant species disappeared since 18th century,more than 11000 are at risk of extinction,causes are:changes made to naturall habitats,excessive hunting,introduction of exotic invasive species and genetic selection methods used in agriculture.In developed countries is less widespread ,in poor countries is more widespread due to the fact that they are the location for the greatest diversity of planet species.Unit 11:(GDP)gross domestic product,(IMF)internal monetery fund,(WB)world bank,(HDI)human development index,(MPI)multidimensional poverty index,(ODA)official
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken
development assistance,(UNDP)united nations development programme2.2High development countries:high GDP per inhabitant,an extensive middle class,consolidated democratic political systems,major carbon footprints.2.3Low development countries:low GDP per inhabitant,social differences are clearly defined,authoritarian political systems are frequentely encountered,minor carbon footprint.3.1Domestic causes:Political instability:caused by armed conflicts,which result in deaths and destroy housing,infrastructures,industries and resources,by the existence of corrupt goverments that discourage invesment and spend loans and international aid on weapon purchases as well as their own lifestyles.3.2International causes:Foreign domination:in the past many underdeveloped countries were colonies,and the ruling countries structured their economies around the export of raw materials and the import of manufactured goods.Foreign debt;unequal trading relationships lead to poor countries having to request international credit in order to developed their economy.8.1Economic inequality leads to major social contracts between rich and poor.The causes of this situation are unemployment and low salaries ,solutions to this problem include policies for redistributing wealth and better welfare provision.The discrimination:suffered by certain social groups hinders or prevents access to the most highly valued resources and services in society.Unit 5:1.1Agrarian and ruralspaces:the term agrarian space is only used to refer to land where agrarian activities are undertaken. Meanwhile the term rural space refers to all non-urban areas.10.1 Fishing is the activity that provides products from the sea,It provides food for people and raw materials for industry,such as tinned and frozen products,oils,flours and fertilisers.The areas of the sea where fishing levels are particularly high are called fishing grounds.Unit 6:1.2:Mining:is concerned with locating ,extracting and refining rocks and minerals that are found on or beneath the surface.Energy production:transforms energy sources into heat and electricity that allow industrial work to be undertaken