historia
23. TOURISM
Is the movement of people from their home to another destination for recreation purposes.
A tourist is a person who travels and stays outside of their place of residence for more than
24h. Transport, hospitality industry, travel agents, banks and the insurance companies form
part- tourism industry. To become a tourist destination, a regain to have a good transport
infrastructure , political stability and tourist attractions (natural parks, beaches)
Impact:
➔ economy- tourism creates jobs and generates income in tourist destinations
➔ the landscapes- infrastructure built for tourism (hotels) can have negative impact on
the landscapes
➔ the environment- can be positive, protection of beaches and natural landscapes
negative, when people drop litter, generate noise,..
Types:
CULTURAL TOURISM
➔ for people who want to enjoy concerts, artistic heritage, carnivals, sport events,..
➔ Theme parks. provide entertainment close to important tourists destinations
➔ Cruises. provide pleasure trips at sea or on rivers
NATURAL TOURISM
➔ for people who want to explore nature and the rural world (hiking, cycling, skiing,..)
BEACH TOURISM
➔ attracts the most tourists and generates the most money
➔ requires infrastructure (hotels) and should be well connected
1. MINING
The process of extracting mineral resources from the Earth — mining
The machinery and equipment necessary for mining transform the landscapes into mining
landscapes
MIneral resources can be categorized mineral (mineral aggregates)
rocks
They are extracted from deposits, there are minerals, rocks and fossil fuels
MINING TECHNIQUES
➔ Opencast mines- the mineral is close to the surface. Ej. quarry
➔ Underground mines- minerals are deep below the Earth’s surface, they are extracted
through tunnels. Nowadays , robots locate and extract minerals
➔ Seabed mines- big companies explore the seabed with vehicles operated by remote
control from a boat above the mine. They search metals (manganase, iron, calcium)
When they locate a deposit, they anchor a boat above it. The mineral is extracted
with hydraulic pumps
WHAT PROBLEMS DOES MINING CAUSE?
➔ Pollutes- the soil, rivers, aquifers and air because of chemical substances that are
released in solid, liquid and gaseous form. Are harmful to flora, fauna and animals
➔ Transforms- landscapes, destroying natural areas in such a manner that sometime
never recover
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Using infinite resources that nature provides, don’t pollute the environment , called
green energy resources are becoming cheaper
➔ Biomass- is when organic waste is used to produce energy from industry, heating
and gas. The processes include in selecting and transporting the waste and
producing biomass, making use difficult.
➔ Fidal energy- uses the force of waves and the tides to turn turbines. Turbines
produce electricity as the turn
➔ Geothermal energy- uses the Earth’s internal heat, to heat water and produce steam.
The steam produces electricity and it can also be used for heating
TYPES OF INDUSTRY BY THE WEIGHT OF RAW MATERIALS
➔ Heavy industry- processes raw materials. steelmaking
companies that produce metals can also be classified as
metallurgical
also the heavy chemical, the petrochemical and cement industry
require advanced technology and cause pollution
(A petroleum refinery)
➔ Intermediate industry- produces intermediate goods
These products are used to manufacture consumer
products
Includes construction, ceramics, glass, wood,
vehicles parts, machine and electrical industry
(Car engines being manufactured)
➔ Light industry- produces finished consumer goods that can be durable or
disparable
Includes manufacture of reusable consumer products
(clothing), automobile industry, electromechanical,
and electronics industry (calculators, computers)
Painting industry, don’t belong previous groups
Disposable products made by light chemical industry
(medicine, perfume), food industry (sugar, meats)
(A printing press)
4. HISTORY OF INDUSTRY
FIRST INDUSTRY REVOLUTION
➔ 18th-19th centuries in Great Britain
➔ Steam engine
➔ Industrial capitalism
➔ Individual freedoms
➔ Industrial landscapes
SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0
➔ Electricity and petroleum – 21st century
➔ Concentration of business -artificial intelligence
➔ Consumer society -information systems
➔ Industrial parks -flexible production
➔ 1780-1970 – training / skills
-Internet (virtual landscapes)
THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
➔ late 20th- 21st centuries
➔ alternative telecommunications
➔ industrial relocation
➔ information society
➔ science and technology parks
5. INDUSTRY AROUND THE WORLD
➔ Industrialized countries- some countries started the process of Japan
industrialisation diving the first of second industrial revolutions us
Germany
other have done recently China
South Korea
India
➔ Countries with emerging industries- economy isn’t developed but are developing
industrialization has began in Brazil
Indonesia
Mexico
➔ Non- industrialized countries- very limited industry countries produce consumer
goods to satisfy needs of population- countries in Africa
OFFSHORING
Is when companies leave developed countries and relocate part of their operations to
developing countries
7.THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
➔ Uses raw materials (sand, clay) to construct buildings and facilities, obtain materials
from quarries
➔ Can be Public, hospital , schools,..
Private factories, shopping centers,..
➔ Diverse economy activity
➔ Construction of skyscraper in areas where there’s little space to build
➔ Single- family home in areas where there’s more land available
THE HOUSE BUBBLE
Recent years houses in Spain increased more than in any EU
➔ Profitability of the property market
➔ Low interest rates
➔ The price of land
➔ Greater demand for housing
Increased demand increased prices which made a profitable business, but did not change
price, demand increased, housing costs were are a part of wages this hindered the payment
of mortgages and came to the crisis,