Classical Conditioning
This leads to the behavior is acquired and not inherited DEFINITION LEARNING: Learning is defined as relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice., All learning involves a new behavior but not any new behavior is a product of learning . ___ classical conditioning animals produce certain secretions (such as saliva or gastric juice) in the absence of stimuli that normally provoke and in the presence of other stimuli that accompanied those (for example, the emergence of a particular person, the plate on which the animal was eating normally, etc.).. Pavlov concluded that two kinds of reflexes: the innate physiological cal and were created as a result of individual experience (which he called psychic oligarchic or conditioned). EXAMPLE: EI (lunch) RI (salivation) IN (diapason) diapason + Food = salivation (RI) __ Diapason (EC) = salivation (CR) ___ CONCEPTS: Acquisition
RC Increased effect of the presentation of EI and EC temporarily paired repeatedly. Also called the procedure and produces this effect, and the phase of the experiment or treatment in which it applies. __Extinción RC Decrease effect of repeated presentation of the EC alone (not accompanied by EI). Also called the procedure and produces this effect, and the phase of the experiment or the treatment which is applied ___Generalización refers to the fact that an organism to stimuli CR issues somewhat different from the original CD (for example, if the EC is a tone of 1200 Hz, an agency may issue the RC to a 1100 Hz tone)
It is always an R weaker than that given to the original CD, and its magnitude is proportional to the similarity between it and the new stimulus. Discrimination: This occurs when, during the acquisition, there are two similar neutral stimuli (for example, two lights of different intensity) one of which is paired with the EI (and is therefore the EC) while the other is not paired with IE. The body discriminates between the two stimuli, to give the RC to the real CD and not give it to otro.___ MAIN TYPES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: According to the motivational nature of EI: Appetite: IEs used that approach naturally evoke responses (food, etc.. ) Avers: IEs are used to naturally raise escape responses, defense or avoidance. (electric shock, etc..) According to the RC: Excitatory: Produces a tendency to respond to EC inhibitory: it produces a tendency to decrease or eliminate a response to the EC
They are different from above: For example, experiments of Pavlov and Bechterew mentioned above were both excitatory, although the first and second aversivo.__ appetitive
The temporal relationship DELOS AS INCENTIVES: Conditioning simultaneously neo
The EC and EI begin precisely at a time. The most common is that they also finish at the same time since the dawn of the history of thought has been thought that the associations are set the more easily the closer are the elements to associate. The proximity between EC and EI is highest in simultaneous conditioning brief delay condition: The first CD begins. After a short time (less than a minute) begins in IE. At that time, the EC can either terminate or stay for a short time.The short delay conditioning is often the most effective long delay condition __
Same procedure as above, except that the delay of EI on the EC is higher:
In most cases, this procedure is ineffective, albeit with some exceptions.
Working with this procedure, in Pavlov’s laboratory discovered the phenomenon called inhibition of delay. It consists of a body which has gone through a long phase of acquisition with long delays learn to inhibit response to the end of delay interval. That is, the RC is not given immediately to begin the CD, but the body that has learned that IE still take some time to come, the “holds” about until that time is nearing completion and the EI is imminent.
Trace conditioning there is characterized by a “time gap” between the EC and EI, known as trace interval. When the trace interval is small, this procedure is very effective, more or less as much as the brief delay. As the gap increases, it becomes less effective. Mended conditions made retroactive so
It is characterized because, unlike in all other cases, the IE starts before the EC. Overall, this is a very inefficient procedure. In some cases they have found certain amounts of excitatory learning (learning to give the body a degree of CR), and has been observed in other inhibitory learning. More commonly, however, is not registered under this meaningful learning procedimiento.___________________ CONTINGENCY: statistical relationship between two events in time, whereby the appearance of one of them alters the probability of occurrence of the other. In QC, refers to the “dependency” between EC and EI for which the appearance of the EC makes the subsequent appearance of EI more likely (c. positive) or less likely (negative contingency). Two mules are contingent Esti if apparitions No one of them alters the probability of occurrence of the other. When two stimuli are not contingent, the appearance of one of them “says nothing” about the appearance or nonappearance of the other: the contingency is zero.
TYPES OF CONTINGENCY provision of stimuli in the session: total positive contingency: Provided that EI is preceded by EC, where EC appears is followed by EI
Contingency partial positive: Most of the time, EI is preceded by EC, and EC is followed by negative Contingency total EI: EI never appears after partial negative Contingency EC: EI appears in most cases without being preceded by EC. EC appears in most cases not be followed by EI. Contingency zero: The emergence of EC is silent on whether or not EI comes to continuación__________ INHIBITORY CONDITIONING: The inhibitory conditioning is one in which to make a submission EC inhibit a response. To this end, during the acquisition phase is implanted in a contingent negative: every occurrence of EC, followed by a period of absence of EI.____ counterconditioning: any process of DC in which EC is used as a stimulus that previously have to motivational body opposite sign. That is, try to use a CS associated with an R appetitive as EC in a new acquisition in which EI is associated with an aversive or inversa.Por example: We performed a conventional aversive conditioning procedure: associate a tone ( EC) to an electric shock (aversive EI), and we get a CR of Defense (remove the member, fear)