ExamenGeo

The tertiary sector provides services to people and other economic sectors instead.                                      The growth of the service sector: –large number of activities such as health care, education, tourism, retail, transport and logistics, communications, culture, leisure, sports, etc –developed countries: both number o employed people and wealth generated –less developed countries: increased employd people -growth coincided with the emergence of information society -it causes many changes(technical and scientific developments, the globalisation of the economy and increased trade)=tertiary revolution. 

The high-end tertiary: –activities asocciated with technology and science –business services and jobs associated with managing large companies, advertising, sales strategies, etc –people is specialised training and usually well paid                                            Quaternary sector: provides knolegge that enables other sectors to grow. Associated with a hight intellectual content    The low-end tertiary sector: jobs that require little training and usually poor paid ex. cleaners and street traders      Services today: greater life expency, female participation in the labour force, reduce working hours and paid holidays

Diversity of the sector(characteristics):–diverse(number of services or worker qualifications, size of the companies) –intangible and immaterial –activities that cannot be stored –close to consumers – low degree of mechanisation –unevenly disributed      Healthcare and education in Spain: h. Sistema Nacional de Salud provides primary health services/ e. since 1970s has been expanded

Classification of t. activities: –social services(public: education. healthcare, etc/private) – distribution services: circulation of people, goods, information and transport, telecommunications and wholesale trade –bussines services: adverstising, research, banking and finance, insurance, etc –consumer services: retail trade, hospitality(bars and restaurants), leisure(travel and tourism), repairs and installations and individual services(domertic help, hairdressing,etc)

Transport  is an activity through wich people an goods are oved from onre plane to another  -Road: -densest and most structured tranport networks – most common infrastucture for people and goods, due to the mobility and range of vehicles(cars, motorclyles,)                -Rail: ideal for moving passangers and goods over medium and large distances  -current rail transport: +speeds greater passenger -high speed rail: +advantages  but requires building of expensive new tracks 

-Air: -transporting people and goods over long distances(fast and secure) –expensive, bad for environment(noise and pollution and the impact of airports) -evolution: low-cost airlines                                  -Maritime: –moving large quantities of goods(oil,grains,minerals,etc) over long distances at low prices -possible in rivers with a regular flow regime -its slow

Fuctions of trans: -moving people on a daily basis: growing distances between homes and places of work – long-distance travel possible=tourism -distributing goods and services=economic activities                              -Revolution: -increased cargo capacity -foreign transport intermodality(combine various means of transport) -increased speed -improved road infrastructure(increases safety) -lower transport prices

Transport networks: -organising and exploting a territory requires good transport network(having infrastructures-roads, rail lines, etc) -networks consist of axes or lines connect twro or more points forming a grid -the central locations on these axes are known as transport hubs.                                                                            Public transport: -pollutes less -reduces traffic jams -reduces noise pollution -cheaper and saves time

Tourism is the commercial activity surrounding holidays and visiting places for pleusure. Enconomic impact: -helps create and expand companies and services(generate jobs and is a major source of income)       Social, cultural implications of tourism:                    Positive effects: source of income, creates jobs, improved infrastructure/transport                                                      Negative effects: higher prices, land speculation, jobs(unskilled and poorly paid), environmental impact, pollution       

Types: -nature: natural parks and protected areas. Ecotourism attemps to put tourist in contact with nature in a sustainable way -urban: cities(hotels,restaurants,transport,ect) -cultural: historical and artistic features(museums) and cultural characteristics -rural: countryside(agrotourism,green tourism and environmental tourism)

Trade  are the activities that relate to the buying and selling of products and services          Elements: -sellers: individuals or companies that have goods or services they want to sell -buyers: individuals or companies who want to buy goods or services -goods: products that are bought and sold for money -markets: places where the commercial transactions take place 

Characteristics: -large quantities are in constan movement -worldwide network of trading parterns -transportation provides jobs -dominated by an ever numer of large companies  Factors influence trade: -an efficient infrastructure and a transport network -purchasing power and consumer confidence -business confidence -large market +business confidence -prices,takes,adversiting,discounts

Domestic trade is the commerce that happens inside a state`s borders      Types:              Wholesale(wholesalers): large distribution companies buy enormous quantities of goods from producers and sell them to shops                            Retail(retailers): buy small numer of goods from wholesalers and sell them to the public.Types: -traditional retailers: small family shops -departament stores: huge range of products -large shopping centres: located on the outskirts of cities -streeet markets: stalls in the open air 

International trade is the commerce that happends between different states    International trade indicators: -balance of trade: goods ·positive(+exports -imports) ·negative(+imports -exports) -balance of payments: goods(products and materials), services(tourism,transport),capital(infrastructure ·positive/surplus(+revenue -expenditure) ·deficit/negative(+expenditure -revenue)                              Types: -trade in visible goods and services: energy source(oil,gas),agricultural products(cereals,coffe), manufactured products(computers,cars) -trade in abstract goods and services: ·flow of capital ·flow of information