definiciones

ACCIDENTAL PROPERTY:quality that completes or perfects an object or being but is not essential ACCULTURATION:process by which the members of a culture incorporate the features of a different culture ANTHROPOCENTRISM:doctrine that positions human beings at the centre of philosophical reflection ANTHROPOLOGIC DUALISM:philosophical doctrine that claims that human beings are made up of two realities: body and mind. ANTHROPOMORPHISM:the attribution of human characteristics and properties to non-human entities ARCHE:according to the first Ancient Greek Philosophers the substance that originated everything in nature. ARGUMENTATION:oral or written exposition in which reasons are given in order to defend a particular thesis.      BIB BANG THEORY:cosmological theory that states that the universe began at a particular pont in time. Since then, the Universe has been constantly expanding. BIPEDALISM:anatomical change of some hominids by which they stopped using four limbs to walk and began walking upright, using two legs. BODY:in humans, the visible, material entity that they have, as distinguished from mind or soul. BUTTERFLY EFFECT:concept that states that a small change in an initial scenario may lead to alterations that cannot be predicted or calculated. CAUSAL LAW:scientific law that establishes the relationship between cause and effect.   



CAUSE:event or action capable of producing another different event, which is referred to as effect. CHANCE:event that occurs in a random manner CHAOS:state of disorder previous to cosmos CHARACTER: behaviour that is the result of habits COGNITIVE FACULTY:humankind´s natural ability to develop knowledge CONDENSATION:physical process proposed by Anaximenes which explains why air can be transformed into other natural, denser realities such as clouds, water… CONSCIOUSNESS:mental activity that enables humans to be aware of their existence. COSMOLOGY:discipline that studies the universe CREATIONISM:religious belief that claims that God created all biological species. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY (SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY)=branch of anthropology that aims to understand human beings from a social and cultural perspective. CULTURAL RELATIVISM:anthropological doctrine that denies the existence of universal cultural vlues. CULTURAL UNIVERSAL:feature present in all human cultures worldwide. CULTURE:complex group of products resulting from human activity that occur within a particular society. DEATH:loss of all characteristics of living. EMERGENTISM:philosophical doctrine that declares that the mind emerges as a result of brain activity. EMIC DESCRIPTION:description of a cultural fact from the point of view of a member belonging to the culture itself. This description has to be made by an anthropologist.    



EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE:group of acquired habits, related to emotional intelligence, that generate a person´s ability to perform a professional task in an efficient way. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE:ability to interact in a social context by expressing our own emotions in a balanced way and correctly interpreting the emotions of others.  ENTROPY:in any given system, physical quantity that measures the amount of thermal energy that cannot be transformed into mechanical energy.  EPISTEMOLOGICAL RELATIVISM:philosophical doctrine that denies the existence of a unique truth that is universally valid. EPISTEMOLOGY:philosophical study of knowledge. ESSENCE:set of fundamental properties of a being . ESSENTIAL PROPERTY:qualitie of a substance that makes it what it is. ESSENTIALISM:philosophical doctrine that claims that essences exist as separate realities, i.e., that they are independent from the individuals to whom they are attributed.  ETHNOCENTRISM:attitude resulting from believing that the group and culture to which oneself belongs is the standard to which must adjust other groups and cultures. EVOLUTION:developmental process of living things or organisms. EXISTENCE:the common characteristic of all beings. FINALISM:philosophical doctrine that affirms that all natural changes have a purpose that has been predetermined.    



FIXISM:theory that claims that all biological species are fixed and do not change. It opposes the theory of evolution.  FREEDOM:human´s ability to choose from several options without being determined in favor of any of them.  GEOCENTRISM:conception of the universe in which the Earth occupies the center and is stationary. GNOSEOLOGY:area of philosophy that studies human knowledge. HUMAN SCIENCE:one of the two branches of the experimental sciences. It analyses human-specific behaviour and activities. HUMANISATION:it refers to the behavioural changes experienced by the humans included in the hominisation process. These behavioural changes gave rise to present-day human behaviour. HUMANISM:intellectual movement typical of the Renaissance that defended free spirit. INERTIA:property of all bodies that keeps them at rest or in rectilinear motion, as long as that state is not changed by an external force. KNOWLEDGE:set of ideas obtained as a result of reflecting on information gathered in relation to a particular subject MAGIC:practice based on the belief that certain humans have magical powers . This comes from believing that physical objects have human properties such as will or passion ( this is animism)